Nutrient Functions Carbohydrates Provide a ready source of energy for the body (sometimes referred to as the preferred source of energy for the body). Provide structural constituents for the formation of cells. Lipids (Fats) Provide stored energy for the body. Function as structural components of cells and also as signaling molecules for proper cellular communication. Provide insulation to vital organs and works to maintain body temperature. Proteins Necessary for tissue formation, cell repair, regulating fluid balance, and hormone and enzyme production. Essential for building strong muscles and a healthy immune system. Water Transports essential nutrients to all body parts, transports waste products for disposal, and aids with body temperature maintenance. Vitamins Regulate body processes and promote normal body-system functions. Minerals Regulate body processes, are necessary for proper cellular function, and comprise body tissue.

To measure the number of kilocalories in a particular food substance, a certain amount of food is burned in a device called a calorimeter. As the food burns, heat is created. The heat dissipates to the surrounding water while a thermometer detects the change in temperature of the water.

Minerals Major Functions Macro Sodium Fluid balance, nerve transmission, muscle contraction Chloride Fluid balance, stomach acid production Potassium Fluid balance, nerve transmission, muscle contraction Calcium Bone and teeth health maintenance, nerve transmission, muscle contraction, blood clotting Phosphorus Bone and teeth health maintenance, acid-base balance Magnesium Protein production, nerve transmission, muscle contraction Sulfur Protein production Trace Iron Carries oxygen, assists in energy production Zinc Protein and DNA production, wound healing, growth, immune system function Iodine Thyroid hormone production, growth, metabolism Selenium Antioxidant Copper Coenzyme, iron metabolism Manganese Coenzyme Fluoride Bone and teeth health maintenance, tooth decay prevention Chromium Assists insulin in glucose metabolism Molybdenum Coenzyme