Gosh.. to be unaware of these 'walls' is one thing, but to be digitally redlined because of it is quite another. But the worst part of all is that you can have all these happen to you and still not know about it!

Sadly this does happen in some countries too including my own where if a younger female is talking to an older male, it doesn't matter what race or religion the female is; she will be talked down to.. such discriminating behaviour must stop to end this stereotyping

Yes and I'm one of them who ignored. To be completely honest I'm not even mad being called bad things at the person but instead I feel sorry because it must be really exhausting having to do what they do all day, day in and day out..

I actually know someone who resembles this and definitely fits the profile of a troll. I don't claim that every troll is the same but in my case, I'm friends with a 'troll' not because he is one but because there's so many underlying issues that defaulted him into being one and because I already know this, every time I get trolled at.. I'm always prepared, and that usually neutralises the situation..

Yes! Absolutely agree on this 100%. There would be no end if the conversation continues and for trollers it serves as an entertainment avenue for them so by not feeding the trolls is the best strategy..

From an innovation standpoint yes, this has been brought on in this digital age where the traditional linear way on a story has transcended to include societal participation ..

However, now with the Covid-19 pandemic situation, the noticeable impact was on Spotify's advertising revenues which fell by 21% although subscription revenues did grow 17% so yes it continues to be the lion's share of Spotify's total revenues..

An example such as the MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses) have placed renewed emphasis on the idea of openness in education, but again the challenges of open and closed environments continues.. https://prezi.com/inpbejcnyctv/open-vs-closed-elearning-environments/

Yes, and that's exactly the age-old issue because as with any product that has copyright stamped on it will only invite demand in the black market which is something that's been going on for ages, and for an essential occupation like a farmer who can't even repair his/her most prized personal vehicle then John Deere Inc knew it had it coming.. I can't even fathom that the Digital Millennium Copyright Act supports this!

All three are my exact reasons. And yes the research applies to my own behaviour from the focus on motivational factors such as individual, commitment, and quality requirement factors as well as personal and security reasons too and of course that includes goals and interests..

Viewing learning as a biological process through which we form identity, and learning how we learn, is essential in the digital environment. It is essential because it demands a critical stance from the perspective of self and social analysis. It demands that we understand ourselves in interaction with others, which is at the heart of civic involvement.

The approach is to optimise digital technologies for teaching and learning, the main policy consideration is to invest in the use of digital learning innovations by teaching professionals to develop, test, peer review, publish and share their effective practices.

Yes, collaboration fosters development of essential 21st century skills, employment situations, critical thinking, problem-solving, self-management and leadership skills; but more importantly it is the build-up of openness and trust in building relationships that contributes to the learner experience of feeling more interconnected with the people with whom we interact and learn from. By working collaboratively in sharing our opinions and being involved in discussions and dialogues enables us to open up and embrace new ways of thinking, engaging and working; for us to understand different perspectives and look for new insights.

In reflection, it’s astounding to have read how much we take for granted when it comes to digital access and privacy issues of this digital age. By taking a more proactive stance in the responsibility, continuous awareness and education of social, ethical laws and access related to digital use would ensure a continued lineage of digital citizens around the world in this era and beyond.

Learning to protect oneself and know the laws that govern internet activities because many laws and federal regulations apply to youth and online social technology which would require to explore approaches to teaching students about their role as responsible digital citizens. The past decade has seen an exponential increase in digital tools and opportunities, which carry the need for students to master a new set of life skills for behaving responsibly online.

Example.. students from low-income countries may not have reliable or affordable access to the internet in which the elements include digital access, digital commerce, digital communication, digital literacy, digital etiquette, digital law, digital rights and responsibilities, digital health and wellness, and digital security. Other examples like the prolific use of the internet in tertiary education advocates the responsible use of technology, in which practices and standards are essential informants on the importance of digital citizenship.

In my opinion, I would describe ‘digital citizenship’ as having best practices of using technology appropriately for the benefit of all digital citizens. Where this encompasses the participative quality of a member to engage ethically in a digital community which finds attributes such as digital literacy, communication, education, etiquette, online safety are crucial, the understanding of how information is produced and valued are also of great importance.