W hen film studies turned toward semiotics and ideological criticism,the idea of the genre as a threshold or horizon for individual expressiongave way to an interest in the genres themselves as systems and structures. Thomas Schatz has referred to the semiotic interest in genre as"the language analogy." He says that genre can be studied as a formalizedsign system whose rules have been assimilated (often unconsciously)through cultural consensus. Following Claude Levi-Strauss, Schatz viewsgenres as cultural problem-solving operations. He distinguishes betweena deep structure that he calls film genre and a surface structure that hecalls the genre film. The genre film is the individual instance, the individual utterance or speech act (parole). The film genre is more like a grammar (langue), that is, a system for conventional usage.
Genres are not simply artistic categories, but rather reflections of culture and current times. It fits into the analogy of language and how it fits in as a specific utterance in the much larger scheme of grammar, it allows a view into how it can be one thing but represent so much more.