12 Matching Annotations
  1. Jul 2019
    1. CASSIUS. He wish’d today our enterprise might thrive.    I fear our purpose is discovered.

      In Hytner's production, Popilius' wishes of success to Cassius are immediately accompanied by slow, soft music in the background that starts to play. The music serves to build suspense in the scene as Cassius realises that word of their plan is spreading fast, and that they must act quickly. Michelle Fairley delivers the lines slowly and with emphasis, which allows the audience to realise the worry and the desperation of the conspirators as they seek to assassinate Caesar before the news of their plans spread any further.

    2. CAESAR. Are we all ready? What is now amiss    That Caesar and his Senate must redress?

      In this scene, Caesar is sitting on a scarlet throne on the middle of the stage with two red flags in the background while speaking to the conspirators. Caesar asks what 'his Senate must redress', which is ironic as he holds absolute power and can make decisions without consulting the Senate. The scarlet throne represents Caesar's status as de facto emperor and his authority over the Roman Republic.

    3.  CAESAR. The ides of March are come.

      Caesar's entrance to the scene is marked by loud music, cheers from the crowd and celebrations that indicate the support Caesar receives from the citizens of Rome. In addition, a large red banner with an aquila (an aquila was the standard of a Roman legion) is passed along the crowd to indicate Caesar's arrival. Hytner's Caesar has blond hair and wears a long red tie, attire that is also worn by Trump. Hytner seeks to highlight the similarities between the two leaders in that both are populist leaders that command the support of the working class (Plebeians).

    4. I could be well moved, if I were as you;    If I could pray to move, prayers would move me;    But I am constant as the northern star,    Of whose true-fix’d and resting quality    There is no fellow in the firmament.    The skies are painted with unnumber’d sparks;    They are all fire and every one doth shine;    But there’s but one in all doth hold his place.    So in the world, ’tis furnish’d well with men,    And men are flesh and blood, and apprehensive;    Yet in the number I do know but one    That unassailable holds on his rank,    Unshaked of motion; and that I am he,    Let me a little show it, even in this;    That I was constant Cimber should be banish’d,    And constant do remain to keep him so

      In the build up to this short monologue, the conspirators arrive at the Senate ostensibly to plead for the life of Metellus' brother. Caesar is shown to be unyielding and stubborn, refusing to repeal the punishment of Metellus' brother. In doing so, Caesar says that 'I am as constant as the northern star', boasting of his dedication to the law and his firmness. Shakespeare uses the North Star as a symbol of power and status; as the North Star is the only star that doesn't change its location in the sky, by comparing himself to it, Caesar shows how he all-powerful and unrivaled among other Romans.

      Ironically, his monologue on his invulnerability and constancy occurs just before his assassination, proving that Caesar is after all a mere human. However, his perpetuity is shown near the end of the play, with Caesar's ghost appearing to Brutus and both Brutus and Cassius attributing their bad luck to the Caesar. Although his monologue is ironic in its place and timing, Caesar's characterization of himself ultimately proves to be true.

    1.   BRUTUS. Be patient till the last.    Romans, countrymen, and lovers! Hear me for my cause, and be    silent, that you may hear. Believe me for mine honor, and have    respect to mine honor, that you may believe. Censure me in your    wisdom, and awake your senses, that you may the better judge. If    there be any in this assembly, any dear friend of Caesar’s, to    him I say that Brutus’ love to Caesar was no less than his. If    then that friend demand why Brutus rose against Caesar, this is    my answer: Not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome    more. Had you rather Caesar were living and die all slaves, than    that Caesar were dead to live all freemen? As Caesar loved me, I    weep for him; as he was fortunate, I rejoice at it; as he was    valiant, I honor him; but as he was ambitious, I slew him. There    is tears for his love, joy for his fortune, honor for his valor,    and death for his ambition. Who is here so base that would be a    bondman? If any, speak, for him have I offended. Who is here so    rude that would not be a Roman? If any, speak, for him have I    offended. Who is here so vile that will not love his country? If    any, speak, for him have I offended. I pause for a reply.  ALL. None, Brutus, none.  BRUTUS. Then none have I offended. I have done no more to Caesar    than you shall do to Brutus. The question of his death is    enrolled in the Capitol, his glory not extenuated, wherein he was    worthy, nor his offenses enforced, for which he suffered death. Enter Antony and others, with Caesar’s body.     Here comes his body, mourned by Mark Antony, who, though he had    no hand in his death, shall receive the benefit of his dying, a    place in the commonwealth, as which of you shall not? With this I    depart- that, as I slew my best lover for the good of Rome, I    have the same dagger for myself, when it shall please my country    to need my death.

      Brutus' speech at the forum to the plebeians reveal both his oratory skills and his naivety. Brutus is portrayed as a straight talker, who is able to get his point across by using language techniques such as rhetorical questions. He tries to use reason and logic in his argument by saying that Caesar, describing Caesar's ambition and suggesting that the people of Rome would have been by Caesar. His straightforwardness is reflected in his style of oration, using prose instead of poetry, and the plebeians initially support the conspirators. However, Brutus fails to recognize that the plebeians are easily swayed and manipulable, and he commits the fatal error of leaving the stage to Mark Antony, whose emotional rhetoric easily turns plebeians against the conspirators. Although Brutus is portrayed as a capable orator, he is also portrayed as naive, foolish and unsophisticated.

    1. Men at some time are masters of their fates:    The fault, dear Brutus, is not in our stars,    But in ourselves that we are underlings.

      Cassius understands that it is important to recruit Brutus as a conspirator due to the respect the citizens of Rome have for him, so in the above section, Cassius uses rhetoric to get Brutus on his side. By telling Brutus that 'the fault, dear Brutus, is not in our stars, but in ourselves that we are underlings', Cassius implores that it is not the stars that are in charge of a man's fate, but himself. He tells Brutus that he is in charge of his own fate and encourages him to take control of his own future. He implies that it would be their fault to allow Caesar to rule over them like a dictator, and that Brutus would be helping Rome if he helped assassinate Caesar.

    2. I will this night,    In several hands, in at his windows throw,    As if they came from several citizens,    Writings, all tending to the great opinion    That Rome holds of his name, wherein obscurely    Caesar’s ambition shall be glanced at.

      In this short monologue, Cassius plans to manipulate Brutus by throwing letters through his window, purportedly from the citizens of Rome, praising Brutus and hinting at Caesar's overarching ambition. Dramatic irony is used in this monologue, and by doing so, Cassius demonstrates how a person as noble and selfless as Brutus can still be manipulated

    1.  BRUTUS. All this? Ay, more. Fret till your proud heart break.    Go show your slaves how choleric you are,    And make your bondmen tremble. Must I bouge?    Must I observe you? Must I stand and crouch    Under your testy humor? By the gods,    You shall digest the venom of your spleen,    Though it do split you, for, from this day forth,    I’ll use you for my mirth, yea, for my laughter,    When you are waspish

      In this scene, Brutus gets progressively more frustrated in his argument with Cassius, with Whishaw showcasing his anger by increasing his tone of voice, using impatient hand gestures and modifying his facial expression to one of extreme annoyance and anger. Ironically, although Brutus scorns Cassius' bad temper, he gets more and more angry as he lists Cassius' faults. In this scene Whishaw manages to show that even brave and honourable men can be hypocrites when put under emotional stress.

    1.   BRUTUS. No, not an oath. If not the face of men,    The sufferance of our souls, the time’s abuse-    If these be motives weak, break off betimes,    And every man hence to his idle bed;    So let high-sighted tyranny range on    Till each man drop by lottery. But if these,    As I am sure they do, bear fire enough    To kindle cowards and to steel with valor    The melting spirits of women, then, countrymen,    What need we any spur but our own cause    To prick us to redress? What other bond    Than secret Romans that have spoke the word    And will not palter? And what other oath    Than honesty to honesty engaged    That this shall be or we will fall for it?    Swear priests and cowards and men cautelous,    Old feeble carrions and such suffering souls    That welcome wrongs; unto bad causes swear    Such creatures as men doubt; but do not stain    The even virtue of our enterprise,    Nor the insuppressive mettle of our spirits,    To think that or our cause or our performance    Did need an oath; when every drop of blood    That every Roman bears, and nobly bears,    Is guilty of a several bastardy    If he do break the smallest particle    Of any promise that hath pass’d from him

      In the production, Ben Whishaw portrays Brutus as arrogant and authoritative; the soliloquy starts due to Brutus ruthlessly overruling Cassius' suggestion to 'swear our resolution'. During his soliloquy, Whishaw stands in the middle of the stage while the other conspirators sit and listen to him speak, alluding to his status as the leader. Whishaw delivers his lines with both emphasis and authority, and his reasoning is accepted without question by the other conspirators.

    1. BRUTUS. Yet, countrymen, O, yet hold up your heads!  CATO. What bastard doth not? Who will go with me?    I will proclaim my name about the field.    I am the son of Marcus Cato, ho!    A foe to tyrants, and my country’s friend.    I am the son of Marcus Cato, ho!  BRUTUS. And I am Brutus, Marcus Brutus, I;    Brutus, my country’s friend; know me for Brutus! Exit.  LUCILIUS. O young and noble Cato, art thou down?    Why, now thou diest as bravely as Titinius,    And mayst be honor’d, being Cato’s son.  FIRST SOLDIER. Yield, or thou diest.  LUCILIUS. Only I yield to die.    [Offers money.] There is so much that thou wilt kill me straight:    Kill Brutus, and be honor’d in his death

      By Act 5 Scene 4, it is clear to the audience that Brutus and Cassius are losing the battle. Brutus tries desperately to encourage his soldiers, and Cato also tries to rouse his fellows by using rhetoric and expression, saying 'What bastard doth not? Who will go with me?' By using a metaphor to compare himself to Brutus, Lucilius implies that him, Cato and Brutus are all freedom fighters, aiming to liberate themselves from tyranny. Cato's heroic death on the battlefield is contrasted to Cassius' suicide in the previous scene.

    2. SCENE IV. Another part of the field

      Act V, Scene IV is not present in the NT Live theater production of Julius Caesar. This short scene shows Lucilius, a soldier loyal to Brutus, being captured by Mark Antony's soldiers, who test his loyalty to Brutus. During the production, the main characters in the scene (Cato and Lucilius) do not appear and the scene is essentially inconsequential to the further development of the play.

    3. This is not Brutus, friend, but, I assure you,    A prize no less in worth. Keep this man safe,    Give him all kindness; I had rather have    Such men my friends than enemies. Go on,    And see wheer Brutus be alive or dead,    And bring us word unto Octavius’ tent    How everything is chanced

      Mark Antony's suggestion that Lucilius is 'a prize no less in worth' and a valuable prisoner shows his belief that Lucilius will eventually switch allegiances and join Mark Antony's side. By characterizing Lucilius as such, Antony believes that soldiers, when threatened, are willing to surrender their moral beliefs and abandon their loyalties. Antony's cynicism is contrasted with Brutus' stoicism and idealism, with Shakespeare foreshadowing a time in the future where the triumvirate rule Rome, lacking the virtue and selflessness of men like Brutus and Lucilius.