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    1. However, because a number of textbooks that were consulted did not engageeither with the myth of 1648 or the myth of 1919, for the sake of space we have chosennot to cite them here

      This is a very problematic sentence lmaooooo

    2. Whiggish reading

      A histographic reading that presents history as a movement from the oppressed past to the enlightened present and future, with teleological and hero-villain dualism

    Annotators

    1. To work against totalizing pulls within each approach andacross them—for example by seeking to build a synthesis that incorporates severalapproaches—can then mainly be done by including multiple approaches and fore-grounding the limits and tensions between them (

      THIS IS HOW TO DO STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS WITHOUT TOTALISIM

    2. YouTube video of torturingdevices operate as fragments that set series of actual practices (e.g., series of whattorturers do) and virtual sense making (e.g., formalized prohibitions of torture) atplay in thought that raises questions about familiar modes of criticizing torture.

      Eg of fragment

    3. His critique of historicism and of subjectivism is crucial to under-stand how, in his later writings, it was possible to decouple structure from totality.

      Althusser moved towards Decoupling structure and totalit

    4. By staging the need for “sovereignty” in this way, Dean is not fracturingsovereignty through Foucaultian dispositifs that foreground relationality in hetero-geneity but rather reintroduces sovereignty as a master rationale that defines inter-national relations.

      Good constrasting example of fracturing vs master-narrative totalising

    5. Breadsworth argues that a renewed critique of actual (and histori-cal) forms of domination has to answer to the challenge of “shaping the world asworld” in which any local processes are to be understood under a global framing ofthe economic and the political.

      A totalising narrative example

    6. Its aim is not to delete or fragment critique but torevisit criticality through a distinct mode of doing IPS that reconceptualizes the re-lation between fragment and structure in ways that explicitly work against returns ofgrand narratives and presumed wholes.

      Drawing a lot on postmodernism and poststructuralism

    7. Keeping the main thrust of deconstructing the international, 3 we propose a revis-iting of criticality through fracturing analytics

      i.e analyse the international phenomenon via a fracturing lens, not a totalising one. A fracturing lens most importantly treats macro level structures and structures in general as provisional and fluid, i.e they can be changed by different phenomenon.

      More importantly, the emphasis is on structural analysis as seeing structures emerge from fragments, not seeing fragments as instances of already existing whole structures.

    8. We are par-ticularly concerned with how an intensified interest in the local, micro, and situatedis understood to be insufficient for critical knowledge, and how this assumption ofinsufficiency inscribes horizons of totalization into international political sociology

      That is, they are concerned about how smaller level of analysis might lead to totalisation — that is, they might lead to explanation of the smaller phenomenon be treated as instances of macro level explanations, flattening and putting a lens on it

  2. Aug 2026