9 Matching Annotations
  1. Apr 2022
  2. psy352sp22csi.commons.gc.cuny.edu psy352sp22csi.commons.gc.cuny.edu
    CleanPickrenRutherford_History-of-modern-psychology-in-context.pdf
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    1. Fely1230 18 Apr 2022
      They summa-rized by stating that the learning of sex-typedbehaviors was most likely a process built uponbiological foundations but that learning a so-cial stereotype based on this biological realityalso played a role. Finally, they considered someemerging cognitive–developmental research andconcluded, based on this work, that childrengradually developed the concepts of masculinityand femininity and that when they became awareof their own sex they worked to match theirbehaviors to these concepts

      These findings can be tied to the typical nature versus nurture debate. While many people in the past would have associated these differences in sex to pure nature, the findings indicate that nurture, how a child is raised and the socialization within their environment, greatly impacts the development of certain sex-differences. Connecting this concept to the present day, it is hopeful to see that we live in a society in which these social constructs on what is considered feminine or masculine are being dismantled. I feel as if this will create a generation that will be empowered to accomplish greater things without limitations tied to sex or gender.

    2. Fely1230 18 Apr 2022
      The result ofthese often angry and heated discussions was theformation, in 1969, of the first organization forwomen in psychology since the National Coun-cil of Women Psychologists in the 1940s: theAssociation for Women in Psychology (AWP).

      Hearing about the creation of the Association of Women in Psychology (AWP) was very intriguing and I took the time to look up the association. On their website I found a link to archives that contained records from previous conferences, town halls, minutes for meetings, etc. I thought it was really cool to look through the history of the organization. The links are below:

      https://awpsych.org

      http://collections.uakron.edu/digital/collection/p15960coll10/id/472

    3. Fely1230 18 Apr 2022
      n this article, Weisstein argued that psy-chology had nothing to say about what womenwere really like because, essentially, psychologydid not know.

      Weisstein brings a powerful point in not only psychology, but many scientific fields regarding beliefs and ideology towards females. Throughout historical research, regardless if the participant was an animal or a human, scientists have always used male participants. The reason for certain medical research is because a female's menstrual cycle would have made it difficult to understand the body's biological responses to certain medication. For the purpose of psychology, it was because women were considered weak or not capable of performing the experiments accurately. Regardless of the reason, it was put women at a significant risk of being undermined and misunderstood in both our ways of thinking and how our body and minds work. It is wrong for these fields to say that they understand the female along with her mind and body when there is a significant lack of research compared to males.

    4. Fely1230 18 Apr 2022
      As we show laterin the chapter, it was not until the 1970s thattheir contributions to psychology, let alone theirfeminist convictions, were rediscovered and writ-ten into historical accounts. The emergence ofa women’s history of psychology was part of thefeminist challenge to the larger discipline andcontinues to this day

      I find it extremely disappointing how long it took for the work of not only female psychologists, but females within STEM fields, to get recognition for their work produced prior to the 21st century. It makes me wonder how many female scientists have been, and/or still are, overlooked. The multimedia project highlights many of these female psychologists such as Charlotte Wolfe. However, reading about the struggles of these women makes me feel grateful to be a female in STEM in the present day. While there are still many challenges we face, we have made strides towards inclusion and it is inspiring to see how far we have come even in the last 100 years.

    5. Fely1230 15 Apr 2022
      In 1851, at a women’srights convention in Akron, Ohio, SojournerTruth (1797–1883), a former slave, gave herfamous speech ‘‘Ain’t I a Woman,’’ in which shedemanded that her experience as an enslavedBlack woman be recognized in both the suffrageand the abolitionist movements

      This speech reminds me of a current social issues surrounding Black Lives Matter. During the protests of 2020, there was a huge movement supporting specifically black women and women of color. Studies were showing that women of color were experiencing more discrimination throughout their lives compared to men of color and were more heavily oppressed. This oppression stems from the systematic racism that our history has allowed including this lack of inclusion of women of color in the women's rights movement from the very beginning of the movement.

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  3. Feb 2022
  4. psy352sp22csi.commons.gc.cuny.edu psy352sp22csi.commons.gc.cuny.edu
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    1. Fely1230 14 Feb 2022
      In his effort to understand mental structure and develop-ment across the development of culture and language, Wundtdefended this function against anthropological concerns. Henoted that whereas psychology must be based on the results ofethnology and anthropology, mental development may stillbe the same for different cultures or that similar cultures may,psychologically speaking, represent different stages of ‘‘mentalculture.’’ In his quasi-summary of the Vo ̈lkerpsychologie,11 he dis-cusses in detail the early development of human societies, theacquisition of gesture and verbal language (where he was thefirst to introduce phrase-structure analysis), and the role anddevelopment of marriage, myths, and religion. Although hisapproach was marked by some of the ethnocentric prejudices ofthe nineteenth century, the analysis of social and cultural be-havior and thought was novel and clearly distinguished fromthe other, experimental, psychology

      This section highlights the early development of ethnopsychology. Ethnopsychology is the study of the psychology or races and people which was not defined in the book thus far. The work of Wundt in explaining the development of language systems and taking into consideration the different points of "mental culture" that different regions around the world may be in is a strong example of ethnopsychology in action.

    2. Fely1230 14 Feb 2022
      perception, consciousness, attention, will, affect, and time andspace perception

      I find it amusing how they grouped "will" as a sensory process. I would assume that when they say will they mean it similarly to free will where they are given the ability to make decisions from God. It seemed like during the time, the divine influence was still heavily present which was why it was so difficult for Psychology to become acknowledge as a science. Given that will was accredited to God, how did they test this concept as a sensory process? Could it even be considered a sensory process?

    3. Fely1230 14 Feb 2022
      I donot wish to imply a one-to-one mapping of German politics,Wundt’s life, and his psychology. Rather, I stress the parallelambivalences present in all three of these domains that werereflected at various times in Wundt’s psychology.

      These two lines can be connected to the previous reading on Historiography as the author mentions the surrounding political environment and life events that may have influenced Wundt's life. This is similar to how Historiography takes into consideration the surrounding environment of events to create a less objective interpretation of history.

    4. Fely1230 14 Feb 2022
      At the time, the social sciences (and psychology, in particular)were preoccupied with the distinction, introduced by WilhelmDilthey in 1883, between Naturwissenschaften and Geisteswissen-schaften.4 Dilthey actually makes two major arguments in distin-guishing between sciences of the mind (Geist) and of nature. Henotes that there are two possible perspectives: one can regard ev-erything from the perspective of the natural sciences, or one canregard natural phenomena from the perspective of conscious-ness. He believed, however, that our physical bodies are gov-erned by the laws of nature. Thus, whereas purpose is a mentalphenomenon, it is physically realized in the systems of naturalphenomena and laws. On the other hand, Dilthey claimed amore primitive, basic status for the mental sciences since theyare in closer contact with the ‘‘life nexus’’ of our experiencethan are the natural sciences.5 He also argues for the incompara-bility of material and mental processes based on the impossibil-ity of deriving mental facts from those of the mechanical orderof nature.6 It was during this period of concern with the natureof the mental sciences that Wundt first reconsidered his interestin social psychological matters, which presented a task ‘‘higher’’than experimental psychology. Wundt’s 1863 book in thatdirection failed, but the thought was to be taken up later—postponed but not forgotten.

      During the time, people argued that mental processes couldn't be compared to material or the physical world. This mentality derived from the belief that one either explained everything from the perspective of natural sciences or from the perspective of consciousness which was also considered the divine God. This challenge to Psychology as a natural science was what caused Wundt to become interested in social psychology.

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