Writing is a process and practice. The meaning of any text is created and evolves during composing and revision. In order to develop meaning fully, multiple drafts (which a writer and others read and re-read), are necessary. Writing is much more than a transcription tool. It is a means of making knowledge, learning, and critical thinking. The reading-writing process can be divided into stages that include research, invention, revision, and editing. Writing is a non-linear process, and its stages often overlap. Writers actively seek feedback from readers and judiciously use that feedback in their revisions. The process model empowers writers by encouraging them to understand and refine their writing strategies and techniques, and it encourages readers to look at texts and ideas from different points of view and revisit their original understanding.

Reading and Responding: Here, the student reads, annotating background notes and articles relevant to the topic.

And it is difficult, if not impossible, to write effectively about a text that you have not understood. Even when you do understand the reading, it can be hard to write about it if you do not feel personally engaged with the ideas discussed.

Successful students approach reading with a strategy that helps them get the most out of their reading.

reading and writing cannot exist without the other.