impediment
Impediment: hindrance or obstruction in doing something.
41 Matching Annotations
- Nov 2023
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thresholds
threshold: place or point at which you start to experience something.
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We should note that these data are limited in a variety ofways, not the least of which is that they are completely cor-relational. Although the data here cannot support firmcausal conclusions, they are consistent with the hypothesisthat members of honor states might not be seeking help tothe same extent as members of nonhonor states in the faceof severe distress, which might then create a higher risk forsuicide because the impact of major depression (which itselfappears to be more common in honor states) is less likely tobe mitigated by medical interventions in these states
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Thus, depression levels and suicide rates are posi-tively related across CH states but are not so across non-CHstates (see Table 2 and Figure 2)
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However, the inter-action between depression and CH status was also signifi-cant.
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The model was significant (R2 = .70),and CH was a significant predictor, but depression was not(although it was marginal; see Table 2).
(*) Could this be because CH values sometimes calls for suicide to restore honor, but don't necessarily cause depression themselves?
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Thus, CH states were characterized byhigher rates of major depression and lower levels of ADPscompared to non-CH states, the very combination that Figure1 shows to be associated with the highest rates of suicide.
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In contrast, nonmetropolitan Black male suicide rateswere not significantly different between CH and non-CHstates, F(1, 48) = 2.13, p > .10, d = 0.42. This difference wasreduced further when we controlled for statewide covariates,F(1, 43) = 1.23, p > .20, d = 0.34.
(*?)Even though the suicide rates of NonM black males are stated to not be "significantly" great, this indicates that while this there's not much difference of these rates in CH and non-CH rates, this does not mean that a difference does not exist. It seems safe to say there is still a higher suicide rate in CH nonM black males than NonM non-CH black males due to CH status.
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ADPs were indeed lower in CH states
(*)If ADPs are lower in CH states, that means CH state members are less likely to utilize mental health resources similar to the ADP proxy, which likely leads to a chain of increased depression risk, with increased suicide risk as a follow-up result.
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he model signifi-cantly predicted interstate depression rates (R2 = .28), anddepression was significantly higher in CH states (M = 8.34
(*)Since depression was significantly higher in CH states, because the relationship between depression and suicide risk is positive, this leads me to think suicide risk is thus more prevalent in CH states than non-CH states.
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aggregate
aggregate: process in which numbers are gathered and expressed as one number for statistical purposes.
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collapsed
Collapse: taking dataset in memory and creating a new dataset summarizing statistics of the original data.
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proxy
Proxy: figure used to represent the value of another.
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ANCOVA
ANCOVA: method use for analyzing differences between three or more group means while controlling for the effects of at least one covariate.
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covariates
covariate: independent variable influencing the statistic's trail outcome, but is not of direct interest(i.e. gender, age race, etc).
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regressed
regress: relating a dependent variable to one or more independent(explanatory) variables.
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ndex
index: a system in which the change in the value of something and the rate at which it changes can be measured OR indicator.
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Winsorized
Winsorize: the process of replacing extreme statistical data values to limit an outlier's effects on the calculations obtained from using that data.
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salient
Salient: more noticeable or prominent
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- Oct 2023
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nonmet-ropolitan than in metropolitan
I needed to look up what the words "metropolitan" and "non-metropolitan" meant.
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“real men” and “virtuous women”
I've heard the term "real men" several times before, but not "virtuous women."
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Recall,for example, the suicides of rape victims in some MiddleEastern countries, which presumably occur to restore famil-ial honor, and perhaps also because the personal shame thattypically accrues to rape victims may be seen as irreversible.
These sentences remind me of "purity culture," where youngsters are strongly recommended to remain sexually pure until marriage. This makes me think that purity culture is a specific type of honor culture.
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The expectations are different for women than formen, however, as women are expected to conform to thesocially prescribed role of a “good” or “virtuous” woman,namely, being sexually chaste and loyal
How did these cultural expectations for women emerge in the first place?
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to consume violent media, and to endorseand legalize certain forms of retaliatory aggression and vio-lence (Cohen, 1998).
When I read this particular part of the sentence, it reminded me of the perpetrators of the 1999 Columbine massacre, who are known to have consumed a lot of violent media themselves before the event took place.
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However, the desire to die is not sufficient to produce sui-cide. One must also have the ability to act on this inclination,which requires a certain amount of inoculation to pain(Joiner, 2005).
When I first read the first sentence, I thought, "It's not? How?" followed by the second sentence answering my "how?"
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Furthermore, he is unlikely to seek helpfor any resultant distress he might feel, and this could in turnfoster a sense of isolation by creating a wall between himand those close to him. These feelings of burdensomenessand isolation might increase the wish to die as a means ofescape (Baumeister, 1990).
I've read and/or heard that men are more likely to suffer from substance abuse than women. If this is the case, are cultures of honor partially to blame?
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inoculated
When I read "inoculated," I looked at the context in which the word is in, and assumed that it meant "used to." I looked it up, and it turns out I'm right, synonymously.
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interpersonal
What does interpersonal mean again? Oh, it has to do with groups and not the individual. Got it.
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Perhaps because of this emphasis onstrong reputations, men in honor cultures perceive interper-sonal threats more readily than do men in other cultures(Cohen, Nisbett, Bowdle, & Schwarz, 1996).
Is this why men tend to be in more physical altercations than women?
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competent providersand strong protectors.
Hm, so this is partially where the cultural expectation for men to be providers and leaders comes from. It doesn't explain exactly how these specific gender roles came to be but it's a start!
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Cohen
This "Cohen" person sounds familiar.
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Definition and Background
I honestly love when articles like this give a definition and a background of what they will discuss before delving straight into the topic in case they needed to be clear.
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Thus, in many cultures,suicide has been (and in some cases still is) viewed as anappropriate response to sufficiently damaged honor, and evenas a way of restoring personal and familial honor.
I wonder: were families from cultures of honor ever asked in a study which two scenarios felt more "traumatic" according to them: their offspring being dishonoring, thus bringing shame to the family, or the fact their offspring died by suicide, and thus the family has to grieve for them?
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seppuku
I've heard of seppuku before, though I didn't understand how this kind of ritual would "restore" honor.
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For example, “honor suicides”(i.e., suicides in the face of defeat or capture) were apparentlycommon in Greek and Roman civilizations (Dublin, 1963).
Interesting, I never knew that.
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interpersonalviolence but also intrapersonal
There's "interpersonal" and "Intrapersonal" once again. Better not mix those two up again.
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These bombings demonstratethe high premium placed on honor in the Japanese culture:When faced with the option of surrendering in shame, ordying and taking enemy vessels down with them, Japanesetroops preferred to die in the service of their country.
This kind of text reminded me of the word collectivism: prioritizing the group over the individual. Does this mean that cultures of honor are collectivist cultures that can be taken in detrimental forms?
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In October 1944, Japan was rapidly losing its ability to wagewar against the Allied forces. Rather than surrendering,however, Japan began to employ kamikaze tactics, or suicidebombings, against Allied ships.
This text reminds me of when I learned about Japan bombing Pearl Harbor, but I never knew they did suicide bombings. This also brings me back to me being in American History class in high school, where I used to glance at a world war movie poster showcasing a close up of a WW aircraft plane.
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antidepressant
How exactly do antidepressants work?
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nterpersonal
I've read that word before. It's similar to "intrapersonal" so it's easy to mistake one for the other. I need to look up what these two words mean once again so I don't mix them up.
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Culture of Honor andViolence Against the Self
When I read, "Against the self," I thought this article would be about how cultures of honor are endorsed to individuals and why it's incredibly detrimental to do so, which caught my attention. The article does just that.
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