Her stress of certain words triggered some emotions to deliver her message and the emotions which surround the message. She uses intonation and stress widely to convey feelings of sorrow, wonder which are evident in sentences like "there is an increasing trend in the desire to leave", where she stressed the word "increasing". Also she stressed “confuses” in “which side confuses me", and “ a lot” in “a lot of Egyptians are leaving Egypt", as well as “never” in "We never used to be a society that immigrated", and “had enough” in "they're leaving because they've had enough".

Hebah Fisher, the presenter, mentioned the main message of the podcast directly when she said: "Our exploration of the region helps me understand the region" and the main message of the episode when she asked the question that she will "go on a quest to answer" which is: Why Egyptians are leaving Egypt?

This podcast episode mainly relied on appealing to the ethical character of the presenter and her guests as well as some reliance on emotion. Ethos was evident at the very beginning when the presenter mentioned that she is half Egyptian and half American and talked about her experience deciding to live in Egypt and in the US.

The podcast put forward cultural stories and lessen the gap. It put forward some stories by contributors however the stories were individual rather than appealing for logic.

The title of the podcast "Kerning Cultures" indicates that the podcast may put forward cultural stories and aims to lessen or maybe adjust the gaps between cultures.

The author wrote that Harraz does not intend on returning to Egypt at all and ended the article with Azmy who does intend to do so. Probably to leave the reader closer to the positive outlook on the issue more than the negative.

Upon reading this subtitle, a reader may feel distressed and sorrowful about brain drain in Egypt. "A point of no return" is that one point you reach where reversal is not possible even if you want to.

In the part entitled" passion and fear" Azmy continues by objecting Harraz's decision to seek another citizenship. Perhaps the author added this to make the situation even more touching as some young people leave the country although they love it.

Using the title "The American Dream" indicates that there is hope for going up. It is the belief that anyone, regardless of where they were born or what class they were born into, can attain their own version of success in a society where upward mobility is possible for everyone.

until now, the author sets forward a list of push factors (political, economic and social) which drove (and may keep driving) Egyptians to other countries.

Azmy offers another reason why young Egyptians seek to leave Egypt which is related to culture and society when he mentioned that he does not want to keep living with his parents till he turns 30 or marry according to their expectations. Also he did not want to settle for an "average" life and be a "follower.

The author brings about yet another example of a young Egyptian who travelled abroad and left Egypt. I think what made the author adds another example is to pinpoint the differences between this example and the one before it. Here, Youssef Azmy is 24 years old and Ahmed Harraz is 29. Therefore, perhaps to speak to and connect with a wider audience. Also, Harraz was an immigrant while Azmy has a dual-citizenship. This may also make more people as both groups (Egyptians and dual-citizens) can relate.

This infographic is very much related to youth aged 15-29 in Egypt and will therefore touch them. As a reader I needed the author to appeal to logic and She did, this photo is a strong demonstration of appealing to logic. This will prevent readers from thinking that Harraz may be the exception and not the general case.

In the "About" section of the website, Egyptian Streets writes that its audience primarily consists of Egyptians who are bilingual (speak English and Arabic), with 41 percent of readers aged between 18 and 34. This is a valid reason as to why the author chose to include this article.

Once again, the author creates a subtle comparison between how Egyptians feel and the results they get from Egypt. Egyptians were "most proud of being Egyptian" in the revolution, however, Egypt greeted their pride with "violent demonstrations", "clashes", fights" and "sexual harassments".

The author offers a direct indicator about the feelings in this part through 3 feelings "distress", "shame" and "sadness" which are the feelings that were implied in the part before this. The author re-deliver the same feelings Perhaps to emphasize it or to allow more details to rationalize the extreme decision of changing one's citizenship. Probably also because changing a citizenship is sometimes frowned upon especially in a collective society and she wanted to prevent criticism of this by providing further understanding of the man's situation and Egypt's.

The photo bursts with need and want for a better future for themselves as the author mainly relies on an emotional appeal with logic in it being a photo snapped at the revolution itself. Then the author adds 2 lines below the photo with an action and result. The cause "the protests" and the result is the possibility of them leaving the country which is quite depressing and disappointing.

Harraz as an example indicates something in terms of the crisis. Him being from a well-off social class means that the situation is worse than before as she promised at the beginning of the article. We know that he is well-off because of his job title and where he lives " the upscale suburb of Maadi".

Maybe the author chose to offer a direct quotation from the man she introduced earlier, Ahmed Harraz, probably to attract the empathy of the reader as many of readers is probably like Ahmed Harraz and, therefore, this mutual background may create stronger empathy, understanding and sorrow.

I think that the love of the youth indicated in this part through using some expressions, such as "while it is true my country needs me", trying to make a change", and "take the country forward". However, the result is that many people are seeking to immigrate and even obtain other country's nationality.

The difference between how the youth feel towards their country (the action) and the how the country treats them back (the result) is evident in this part.

On the same year protesters return to Tahrir (The second Egyptian Revolution) and the suspension of the 2012 Constitution.

the author use certain negative words like "crisis, deteriorate, flee" She seems to want to show the severity of the situation and how it is a strong push factor. Using the word "anymore" also indicates that Egypt's circumstances are getting worse.

The author, Alice Tegle, chose words with care to deliver a certain feeling relying mainly on the emotional appeal. Upon reading "as the crisis continues to deteriorate", we may link the brain drain to the revolution, economic problems in Egypt and lack of freedoms leading people to want to immigrate.

Brain drain indicates substantial emigration or migration of individuals due to turmoil in Egypt which is what would be expected to know about from the article.

Using the slang phrase "brain drain" gives an impression that the author intends to deliver the message in a friendly, slang tone to a certain audience who understands such a tone.

Benedict Anderson argues that print capitalism fueled the rise of nationalism.

Anderson highlights political power 's narrative and cultural aspects and draws an explicit distinction between nationalism and religion.

Imagined Communities is a term created in order to describe nationalism by political scientist Benedict Anderson. Anderson described it as a society bound by individuals who imagine themselves to be part of the collective, rather than looking at a nation as one bound by physical boundaries.

Regarding the concept of nations, Nationalism scholars were often confused, not to mention irritated, by these three paradoxes. "To the eye of historians, in the eyes of nationalists, the objective modernity of nations vs. their subjective antiquity" "About the formal universality of nationality"

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The argument of Benedict Anderson is that nationality, or, as one would like to put it, nationality, as well as nationalism, are cultural objects of a particular nature, given the various meanings of that term. We need to carefully examine how they have come into historical life to understand them properly, how their definitions have evolved over time, and why, today, they command such profound emotional legitimacy.

The presenter also offered one piece of support from her own life when she mentioned her father which was one example of ethos. She also used ethos when she told the anecdote about her in Chinatown.

The presenter offered a variety of methods related to ethos, pathos and logos to persuade, but I think that she relied mostly on logos by offering the findings of survey at the beginning of the video, to offering excerpts from newspapers (such as the one offered about the Muslim building which rejected a handicapped which is also pathos)

I believe that the video reach its purpose because the presenter set forward support to her opinion and directly mentioned the purpose when she said: multiculturalism as an ideology has failed. people are not holding hands....they are setting up cultural enclaves because they are told not to integrate...…These cultures do not maintain the good aspects of their culture, but the bad ones as well."

The gist of the video revolves around how the multicultural policy in Canada which encourages a cultural mosaic (the mix of ethnic groups, languages, and cultures that coexist within society) over a melting pot has failed. The presenter claims that diversity is not strength, but has resulted in the country losing its identity. The video, however, does not focus on a call for action, but rather spreading awareness of this claim and offering support as to why it is correct.

Upon reading the title of the video " Multiculturalism Has Failed" for the first time, I thought it would be about the drawbacks of multiculturalism which is pretty much what the video set forward. I think that the title so straight- forward and I guess title had to be direct and succinct because it is a YouTube video after all, it should include the keywords and the direct message for higher views and a more expanded reach.

Page 13:

I think what the father did, was a violent and unwise behavior, as he could not control himself and hit his son. In these situations, Parents should be more understanding in order to help their sons.

Page 5:

The father seemed to realize that the reason for changing his son's behavior was not because of drugs, but because of religious fanaticism.

It is implied here that Ali is confident and does not feel any guilt. It is as if he thinks that he is in the right course of action. His father can also sense a hint of criticism from his son's gaze. This may either show that the son is actually disapproving of his father's actions, or it can be the father himself who feels guilty for one reason or the other.

In my opinion, Parvez`s actions are neither good nor practical. He may make matters worse. If Ali is indeed a drug addict, these actions would only make him become more secretive and more distant. In Ali and Parvez case confrontation may be the better course of action.

Page 4:

I think the relationship between Parvez and his wife is not good because he never even thought about sharing his concerns with her, nor had he even asked her if she had noticed anything wrong with their son. Parvez takes the advice from a women who had never seen his son, and does not consider consulting the women who lives and sees his son everyday. This part shows how lost and unwise Parvez is.

As a reader, I have a question on my mind: Why did not Parvez think about talking to his wife? I think she could help because for sure she knows a lot about her son.

Page 3:

I think they are absolutely wrong because Ali never sold his things; he threw them away, so he is not getting money in exchange for his emptying room. I think the reason of his actions go even deeper than the father or his friends think.

Page 3:

Parvez and his friends think that Ali has become a drug addict. The evidence they base their decisions on is their interpretation of Ali`s actions. They think that he is selling his things in order to buy more drugs.

Another point to note is that the father thinks that he had previously had a good relationship with his son. However, evidence from the way he thinks and the incidents that are unfolding can show the reader that Ali may have a completely different perspective from that of the father`s.

Another interesting aspect is his father`s cry "why is he torturing me!" He complains as if Ali is doing what he is doing intentionally just to torture his father.

Parvez`s definition of success circles around his son only. It is not linked to him personally, this shows that the father is not separating his son from his own person. Any achievement his son makes becomes his own achievement.

In my opinion, this definition of success is dangerous because it places so much pressure on the son to succeed. Moreover, the son wouldn't have enough space to define his own version of success.

This also implies that there may be a gap of communication between Parvez and his friends and this also mirrors the gap in communication between him and his son. The father afraid to speak to his son, and he is also afraid to speak to his own friends.

Page 2:

It is difficult to determine whether Parvez has supportive friends from this part because I only hear Parvez`s thoughts. However, I can see that Parvez may be projected his character on his friends. He thinks that instead of supporting him, they would blame him.

Page 2:

Using pathos, the author tents to show the father`s emotions through describing his actions. The author does not say that father is worried, but he mentions that the father cannot sleep and is drinking more. The reader then may imply that the father is very worried about his son.

Page 2:

The father is not coping well with his son`s problems. he cannot sleep, and now he is drinking more. The father realizes that he needs to speak to someone about his son in order to understand what is happening and what can be done.

Page 2:

This part provides background information about the father. The reader learns that he is originally from Punjab, and he works as a taxi driver in England. The reader also learns that he enjoys his colleagues` company in the office. It is also implied that his relationship with his family is not good because he sleeps during the day to avoid his wife which may mean that he is also avoiding his son.

The author again relied on pathos and logos as he describes both feelings (injustice) and bringing evidence (son throwing away new things). The use of Ethos may also appear here, because the father used his past knowledge and experience from stories of other fathers and how they have failed in raising their sons in England.

Page 1:

I think the father felt injustice because he thinks that he has done everything he can so his son would succeed and become a "perfect" son. He seems to have done so much for his son, and felt that it was unfair that the son is becoming strange. The father may also feel that his son is ungrateful to him because the son started to throw away things that his father had bought.

Page 1:

The author starts to describe changes in the son`s behavior outside his changes of interests and room arrangements, like he speaks more about his behavior which is becoming more distant from his family as he becomes more silent and aggressive.

I think the relationship between the father and the son is broken. They seem to be unable to communicate effectively, but I wonder if their relationship had always been like that?

Page 1:

The father is confused because the changes that happen to his son seem positive from the outside, but he is incredibly anxious and keeps wanting to know why is he changing in these ways.

As a reader, I was a bit confused in the beginning because the father seems to be overreacting to how his son is becoming neater and cleaner, these changes should not be a reason for the fathers invasion to his sons privacy.

Page 1:

The author employs different styles while telling the story. There is a mixture between pathos and logos. The use of pathos is clear from describing the emotions of the father, and also showing these emotions in the father`s actions. The author also uses logos because he provides evidence in form of a list of changes that Ali is going through. These pieces of evidences show that father worries are logically founded.

Page 1:

The story begins when the father started noticing changes in his sons bed-room. The author does not only tell the reader how the father feels or what he thinks, but he also shows the fathers feeling from his actions. I think this is because the author wants to make the reader use different senses to explore the story and the scene. The reader can also imagine what the room was like before, and how it is changing now.

The title makes me think that the story is going to be told from the point of view of a father or a mother, because of the use of "my son" and I don`t like it because it seems to reduce the son to only one characteristic "Fanatic".

The narrator depended on emotions in this part because he described his feelings regarding specific situations.

In this part, The presenter relied on Ethos because he spoke about his previous experience.

The narrator depended on emotions in this part because he described his feelings regarding specific situations.

It seems here that the narrator is multicultural as he went to school in England, worked in Japan and was originally from India.

In this part, The presenter relied on Ethos because he spoke about his previous experience.

The presenter here believes that if you define from where do you come from, it means where you were born and lived. He did not give himself the right to say that he is an Indian because he did not live there one day.

5:56

The expression of (with the creepy hands) indicates that you can change whatever you want in the writing, it`s yours.

2:35

Rhetorical analysis has different cases, it can be used in different ways. For example, in form of videos or audio and every sort analysis specific things.

1:41 Each sort of writing has a different effect, and help the narrator to be effective in the way he want to be.

2:13

Many examples are given here to explain that our decisions have an impact on others as well, and this is exactly what the rhetorical study mean .

00:15 Focusing on explaining the concept of rhetoric before offering the basic idea of the video to avoid any misunderstanding from any listener.

I agree with the author to a great extent. However, I think that he may be exaggerating elements that may not have as big of an influence on ones identity as the author may be implying. One exaggeration can be the influence his grandmothers history has on him.

Paragraph 12:

Maalouf here reiterates the central idea of this chapter: when thinking about identity element separately, he find many people whom he shares that specific element with, but when he combines all the identity elements he has, his experience, and thus his identity, becomes special.

I think that the main idea in this paragraph is repeated for the third time, but I don`t find this a negative element because It may help the reader understand the depth and the complexity of the concept of identity.

Paragraph 10:

The author utilizes Ethos to illustrate his ideas, giving more exampled from his personal life.

Paragraph 10:

The main idea of this paragraph is again to show the reader how complex the identity of the author is. It is not just a question of heritage that is seen in the previous paragraph, but It is also linked to his own parenting and the family despites happening that try to determine which identities he should have.

Paragraph 9:

I think that Maalouf used both Ethos and pathos to illustrate his idea in this paragraph because he shared his feelings regarding fighting and war and linked that to his own experience in his community.

Paragraph 9:

This paragraph illustrates more complexities and details of the author`s identity. He comes from a particular Christian community who rarely fought. This community was also one of the first to get exiled. He shows how this may have influenced the way he acts and thinks today.

Maalouf implies that his refusal to fight and finding it an absurd action may be related to the history of his community in Lebanon. This further shows the complexity of question of identity.

Paragraph 8:

This one sentence summarizes the ideas found in the last 4 paragraphs.

This sentence made me reflect on my own allegiances and the links associated to them.

Paragraph 7:

The main idea here is to mention another example of other elements in the author`s identity. These elements, when separate, link him to millions of people around the world, but when they are combined, he becomes part of a minority.

I think the purpose of this paragraph is to give another example that echoes the previous one (Arabic & Christianity), and to further show the complexity of the topic of identity.

paragraph 6:

This short paragraph sums up the ideas that appear in the previous two paragraphs. I think the author includes this paragraph to highlight the contrast between the two different ideas he has presented, and possibly to make this thought clear to the reader.

Paragraph 5:

I think that this paragraph contrasts with the previous one. After he has mentioned that he is connected to billions of people around the world, he explained how these elements made him a part of a minority. This max may help readers begin to understand how the author may find understanding his identity a complex matter.

Paragraph 5:

The author here describes how the same aspects that make him connect to many people around the world, are the very same ones that make him a minority. He also mentioned that this is what lead him to write this book.

Paragraph 4:

The purpose of this paragraph is to further illustrate the ideas in the previous paragraph (no 3). The author shows that because he speaks Arabic and is a Christian, he has so many elements in common between everyone who does either of these. Nevertheless, he is still different from most people in either groups because of the mixture of these two elements together.

Paragraph 3:

The author used Ethos and emotions. Ethos, when he explained his ideas by giving examples from his own personal background and experience. Emotions, when he described his feelings regarding speaking Arabic.

Paragraph 3:

This paragraph tackles two elements of the authors identity. He is both a Christian and he speaks Arabic and the author thinks that these two elements are paradoxical, because Arabic is associated with Islam. He gave an example to illustrate this by saying that if he were to travel to other regions, and speak to an Islamic scholar in Arabic, the scholar would feel immediately connected to him. The author implies in this example that the scholar may think of him as a Muslim, hence the feeling of "ease" he describes occurs.

Paragraph 2:

Also, he went back in history to track his heritage. This implies that in order to explore the question of identity, one has to go back in time, and explore their heritage.

Paragraph 2:

I think that the main idea here is to demonstrate what the author`s background is and lay foundation to make the reader understand where the author comes from. Malouf used personal background and experience to demonstrate this. It is noticeable how diverse his background is, which prepares the reader for a deep discussion on what this concept might mean to him.

Paragraph 1:

I think that the purpose of this paragraph is to set grounds on what is going to come ahead and to indicate that the rest of this chapter would probably explore different ways to examine identity.

It is implied that the question of the author`s identity is as important as consciousness to others.

He also highlights that in examining his identity, he does not select specific memories, but rather take everything into consideration.

Ethos

(Ethos) She wanted to prove that Chinese mothers do not give up with their children.

The writer relied on her experience with her husband (Ethos).

She tried to prove her point by giving a vivid example about her husband.

In my opinion, the author here makes an unconvincing argument because she is selective with the evidence and examples she presents. She doesnt bring in Sophia's voice to explain what she has learned or felt from being called "garbage" in the middle of a party. She also doesnt present the guests` point of view unbiasedly.

I think the author uses strong words to describe the reaction of the party guests like "ostracized" and the need for "rehabilitation" as if to show that the reactions of the guests where not justified.

The author uses the Ethos style again in this part, drawing evidence from her experience.

This part takes this point further by showing that kind words said by western parents may not be good for children, and can actually have negative effects on them.

The writer presents a situation that she had with her daughter that parallels the one she had with her father in part (8). She further demonstrates the idea of what can be acceptable in a Chinese culture.

In this part, the author makes numerous generalizations about the nature of children and that of parents. One generalizations is on how all children naturally resist working and practicing. Another generalization is that the only way to address this resistance is for parents to be tough and force children to work.

The author gives a personal example to show how being called names is nit as bad as it may seem. She is implying here that most or all children may respond or feel the same way she did, which may not be accurate.

This part shows the difference between Chinese and Western parenting by giving an example that would not be a typical in a Western environment. She analysis this example showing its effects.

The author`s method is ethos where she presents personal experience to support her argument. It gives the reader an inside look on how a Chinese upbringing can influence a child.

The writer wrote about the "virtuous circle" where children practice a lot which leads to cusses, and in turn leads to more self-confidence and more practice.

This part explains the nature of children in general, and what parents need to do in order to assist their children to excel (despite their nature). She says that this is not easy and Western parents tend to give up.

As a reader, I feel that the author is clearly in favor of "Chinese" ways and I know this from the title. From there, the author implies that focusing on academic, for example, is better or "more superior" than focusing on sports.

The writer relies mainly on statistics to show the differences between Western and Chinese mothers. Thus, this paragraph further justifies the author`s use of the term "Chinese mothers."

Also, the author relies mainly on facts to present her ideas in this paragraph (Logos). I find this fitting because it clarifies the author`s choice of using terms such as "Chinese mothers" and "Western parents."

The author defines what she means by "strict" by showing that the definition of this word can be different from one parent to the other. She gives a specific example to illustrate the difference in how different types of parents define "strict".

The writer shows that it is more of a style of upbringing rather than a characteristic linked to a nationality.

I also wonder why the writer used "Western parents" instead of "Western mothers" when she made her contrast to other methods of upbringing.

I think the purpose of this part is to define what the author means by "Chinese mothers" as opposed to "western mothers'' these definitions were necessary to add in order to clear any stereotyping linked to Chinese mothers as a whole.

The author used a list to show things that her children are not allowed to do. This style choice makes it easier for the reader to go through, and adds a visual representation of the many things that Chinese children are typically not allowed to do.

People usually see the end result of a Chinese upbringing, but they do not know what happens inside these homes, the writer presents this information from her experience.

The writer relies on her experience to appeal to the reader (Ethos).

Posing questions in the beginning helps grab readers` attention (hook). Many parents may be thinking about similar questions when it comes to raise their children.

The questions also help make the article more specific. The reader may have a guess on what the author may mean by "superior mothers" in the title.

I think the title has a strong claim, and the writer will probably provide reasons and evidence to support it.

The word "superior" is a strong one, but it is also vague. I found myself thinking "superior in what way, or which aspect?". I also found myself asking who would decide which types of mothers are superior, and on what basis?

The main point of the whole article is to create sympathy of such an issue and to pint out how essential it is to guarantee more humane circumstances for them to help them build a better future for their families.

Mixing both pathos and logos results in strong emotions as it depends on providing facts and leads to anger, sadness and empathy.

I think that using a specific case (Mohameds case) personalizes and links the writers point to the reader and makes me feel sympathetic towards him.

The writer showed salama`s case in order to explain why children seek to migrate from their village even if they die.

The article leaves me with fear and even more sadness. Fear because we know that so many youth still dream of immigrating and they may face the same situation and it also causes even more sadness because these people want the basic needs.They need to build homes, they need to open business and basically build a future for their family.

Starting the title with "Migrant Crisis" gets me ready for a very touching and emotional story. Is the author creating sympathy from the title? Yes, I believe so.The writer chose three words which are "crisis", "keeps" and "sons" to stimulate the reader`s emotions.

I was personally satisfied and shocked that the brokers or mandoobs help the people to find their loved ones rather than running away from the possibility of being harmed due to engaging in illegal act.

"are launching a new case", "this will be the third case","Some of the relatives believe their children are still alive","held by Egyptian or Italian authorities" I think that these sentences have one thing in common because I suppose the writer wants to imply that there is something fishy about this crisis. These sentences imply that the writer sees that the government are responsible and that nothing has been done so far which is disappointing.