- Nov 2021
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chem.libretexts.org chem.libretexts.org
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dipole moments are product of
separation of charges, distance between charges
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small difference non polar
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electronegativity bond polarity
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- Jun 2021
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chem.libretexts.org chem.libretexts.org
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calculating the Ka value for acids
calculating the Keq values for solutes
calculating the dissociation and equilibrium values for solutions
you need a certain doss
from table 2.8.1 of representative acid constants and from knowledge of functional groups you can guestimate the relative acidity of compounds
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chem.libretexts.org chem.libretexts.org
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iℏ∂∂tΨ(x,t)=−ℏ2m∇2Ψ(x,t)+V(x)Ψ(x,t)(1.5.1)
Equation 1.5.1
effectively describes matter as a wave that fluctuates with both displacement and time.
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iℏ∂∂tΨ(x,t)=−ℏ2m∇2Ψ(x,t)+V(x)Ψ(x,t)(1.5.1)(1.5.1)iℏ∂∂tΨ(x,t)=−ℏ2m∇2Ψ(x,t)+V(x)Ψ(x,t) i\hbar\dfrac{\partial}{\partial t}\Psi(x,t)=\dfrac{-\hbar}{2m}\nabla^2\Psi(x,t) +V(x)\Psi(x,t) \label{1.1} Equation 1.5.11.5.1\ref{1.1} effectively describes matter as a wave that fluctuates with both displacement and time.
iℏ∂∂tΨ(x,t)=−ℏ2m∇2Ψ(x,t)+V(x)Ψ(x,t)(1.5.1) Equation 1.5.1 effectively describes matter as a wave that fluctuates with both displacement and time.
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chem.libretexts.org chem.libretexts.org
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the body oxidizes fats and oils for energy
without lipids in the diet, the body would be deficient in fat soluble vitamins a, d, e, k,
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- May 2021
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chem.libretexts.org chem.libretexts.org
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Example 2.1.12.1.1\PageIndex{1}: The Lyman Series
Example 2.1.1 : The Lyman Series question
use the Rydberg calculator online https://calculator.swiftutors.com/rydberg-equation-calculator.html
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- Apr 2021
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chem.libretexts.org chem.libretexts.org
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dienes = two double bonds polyenes = three or more double bonds
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chem.libretexts.org chem.libretexts.org
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all living species
alpha amino acids
essential amino acids and synthesized amino acids
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chem.libretexts.org chem.libretexts.org
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properties of waves
various forms of electromagnetic radiation
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Scientists discovered much of what we know about the structure of the atom by observing the interaction of atoms with various forms of radiant, or transmitted, energy
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chem.libretexts.org chem.libretexts.org
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membrane cell membrane nuclear membrane
cytoplasm between cell membrane and nuclear membrane
all membranes have similar structures
membrane function varies from one organism to another different proteins and lipids
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chem.libretexts.org chem.libretexts.org
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sodium carbonate
sodium hydroxide
turns triglycerides back into their sodium salts(soap molecules)
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chemical reactions
a variety of
esters can be hydrolysis in acids , bases, or specific lipase enzymes
bases make soap in saponification
triglycerides tallow and coconut oil
today, hydrolyzed with water @ 700 lbs / in*2, or ~50 atm or 5000 kPa, @ 200 C
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physical properties fats oils clear, colorless, odorless
color, taste, odor from lipid soluble substances
color from carotene taste from diacetyl, and 3-hydroxy-2-butanone from bacteria in ripening cream
fats oils lighter than water 0.8 g / cm^3
poor conductors of heat and electricity therefore, great insulators
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fats oils FUNCTIONS energy, insulation, transport fat soluble vitamins through the blood TRIGLYCERIDES, TRIGLYCEROLS esters trihydroxy alcohol glycerol three fatty acids SIMPLE TRIGLYCERIDE, MIXED TRIGLYCERIDE glycerol's oh groups esterified same fatty acids simple triglyceride two or three fatty acids mixed triglyceride mixed triglycerides are naturally occurring
fats, solid at 25 C oils. liquid at 25 C animal usually fats plant usually oils animal fats vegetable oils
no single formula for triglycerides depends on plant or animal species depends on climate factors
saturated and unsaturated term for food fats saturated fats and high cholesterol cholesterol intake leads to heart disease
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- Mar 2021
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chem.libretexts.org chem.libretexts.org
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How to Calculate the Nuclear Charge
Count the number of protons.
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chem.libretexts.org chem.libretexts.org
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For the hydrogen atom, the peak in the radial probability plot occurs at r = 0.529 Å (52.9 pm), which is exactly the radius calculated by Bohr for the n = 1 orbit.
n = bohr probabilities for electrons in n orbits around the nucleus
For the hydrogen atom, the peak in the radial probability plot occurs at r = 0.529 Å (52.9 pm), which is exactly the radius calculated by Bohr for the n = 1 orbit.
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chem.libretexts.org chem.libretexts.org
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monosaccharide, aldose, ketose, tri, tet, pent, hex, suffix -ose, carbonyl groups, aldehyde, ketone,
chiral carbon, central carbon, carbon atom with four groups attached to it, likely stereoisomers,
stereoisomer, enantiomers,
glyceraldehyde, enantiomers, D and L basis for all other monosaccharides with > 3 carbons,
optically active substances, dextrorotary +, rotates to left (counterclockwise) levorotary -, rotates to right (clockwise)
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- Feb 2021
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chem.libretexts.org chem.libretexts.org
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orbital diagram spin up, spin down,
- 1/2, - 1/2, every orbital has two electrons, up arrow, down arrow, lowest energy orbitals, ground state, atomic number = z
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