13 Matching Annotations
  1. Last 7 days
    1. Moreour on the third day of Aprill wee heard that after theis Rogues had gotten the Pynnace, and had taken all furnitures as peeces, sword, armour, Coat of male. Powder, shot and all the thinges that they had to trade withall, they killed the Captaine, and Cut of his head, and rowing with the taile of the boat formost they set vp a pole and put the Captaines head vpon it, and so rowed home, then the Deuill set them on againe, so that they furnished about 200 Canoes with aboue 1000 Indians, and came and thought to haue taken the shipp, but sheewas too quicke for them wch thing was very much talked of, for they alwayes feared a ship, but now the Rogues growe verie bold, and can vse peeces, some of them, as well or better then an Englishman, ffor an Indian did shoote with Mr Charles my Mrs Kindsman at a m

      April 3 letter - Indian victory and accelerating catastrophe: the Pinnace capture arms/ammunition, kill the captain, and muster 200 canoes with 1000 warriors. The English are outnumbered and outgunned. This escalation shows the colony is losing control and facing near-total annihilation.

    2. Loueing ffather I pray you to vse this man verie exceeding kindly for he hath done much for me, both on my Journy and since, I intreate you not to forget me, but by anie meanes redeeme me, for this day wee heare that there is 26 of English men slayne by the Indians, and they haue taken a Pinnace of Mr Pountis, and haue gotten peeces. Armour, sword, all thinges fitt for Warre, so that they may now steale vpon vs and wee Cannot know them from English, till it is too late, that they bee vpon vs, [and wee Cannot knowe them from English, till it is too late, that they bee vpon vs,] [sic] and then ther is no mercie, therefore if you loue or respect me, as your Child release me from this bondage, and saue my l

      P.S. escalates the urgency - news of 26 English deaths and Indians capturing weapons means the colony's vulnerability is increasing. Indians can now use English weapons and disguise themselves as English. Frethorne frames this as life-or-death urgency requiring immediate parental intervention.

    3. name there; good ffather doe not forget me, but haue m9cie and pittye my miserable Case. I know if you did but see me you would weepe to see me, for I haue but one suite, but it is a strange one, it is very well guarded, wherefore for God sake pittie me, I pray you to remember my loue my love to all my ffreind, and kindred, I hope all my Brothers and Sisters are in good health, and as for my part I have set downe my resolucon that certainelie Wilbe, that is, that the Answeare of this le

      Emotional climax of the letter - Frethorne explicitly states this letter determines life or death for him. The phrase 'the Answer of this letter wilbee life or death to me' shows he sees this as his last desperate hope for parental rescue/redemption from servitude and misery.

    4. but that Goodman Jackson pityed me & made me a Cabbin to lye in alwayes when I come vp, and he would giue me some poore JackC home with me wch Comforted mee more then pease, or water gruell. Oh they bee verie godlie folkes, and loue me verie well, and will doe

      Goodman Jackson represents human compassion in a harsh world - he treats Frethorne like a son/father, provides shelter and food. This contrast highlights both the cruelty of the system and the possibility of mercy. Jackson becomes Frethorne's lifeline and hope for redemption.

    5. Sunday before Shrovetyde, and wee tooke two alive, and make slaves of them, but it was by pollicie, for wee are in great danger, for our Plantacon is very weake, by reason of the dearth, and sicknes, of our Companie, for wee came but Twentie for the marchaunt, and they are halfe dead Just; and wee looke everie hower When two more should goe, yet there came some for other men yet to lyve with vs, of which ther is but one alive, and our Leiften^nt is dead, and his ffather, and his brother

      Military vulnerability and death - the colony is drastically weakened. Of the original 20 colonists and additional settlers, only a few survive. They captured two Indians but admit they are drastically outnumbered 32 to 3000, showing the precarious position of English colonists.

    6. Wee are not allowed to goe, and get yt, but must Worke hard both earelie, and late for a messe of water gruell, and a mouthful of bread, and beife, a mouthfull of

      Food shortage is critical - workers are given only pease, water gruel, bread, and beef. The description shows extreme rationing where one small loaf must feed four men, showing colonial inability to feed settlers adequately.

    7. Case by reason of the nature of the Country is such that it Causeth much sicknes, as the scurvie and the bloody flix, and divers other diseases, wch maketh the bod

      Disease is the primary crisis - scurvy and dysentery devastate the colony. Frethorne emphasizes this is the key reason for his misery, weakening the body with poor diet making conditions worse.

    8. it; But I haue nothing at all, no not a shirt to my backe,

      Frethorne emphasizes his extreme poverty - he literally has no possessions, not even basic clothing. This illustrates the desperate conditions colonists faced in Virginia.

    1. That this voyage will be a great bridle to the Indies of the king of Spaine and a means that we may arrest at our pleasure for the space of time

      Military/naval advantage - Hakluyt argues English colonies would allow England to control Spanish shipping and territorial ambitions. This is a strategic defensive argument that appeals to Elizabeth's concern for national security and dominance.

    2. That this enterprise will be for the manifold employment of numbers of idle men, and for breeding of many sufficient, and for utterance of the

      Employment solution - Hakluyt argues colonization will solve England's unemployment problem by employing idle men and creating demand for English goods. This appeals to Queen Elizabeth's interest in social stability and economic growth.

    3. That all other English trades are grown beggerly or dangerous, especially in all the king of Spain his Dominions, where our men are driven to fling their Bibles and prayer Books into the sea, and to forswear and renounce their religion and co

      Geopolitical threat from Spain - Hakluyt argues that existing English trades are unsafe under Spanish dominance, forcing English merchants to renounce their faith. Colonization becomes a way to compete with Spanish power and protect English interests.

    4. That this western discoverie will be greatly for the enlargement of the gospel of Christ whereunto the Princes of the reformed religion are chiefly bound amongst whom her Majestie is principally.

      Religious justification - Hakluyt appeals to spreading Christianity as a moral imperative. This frames colonization as a religious duty for Reformed Protestant princes, adding moral weight to the economic arguments.

    5. chapters, summarized here, Hakluyt emphasized the many benefits that England would receive by creating colonies in the Americas.

      Hakluyt's key argument: colonization benefits England economically and alleviates unemployment. This is the central persuasive strategy aimed at Queen Elizabeth I.