Since its inception at the turn of the last century, the community college has played contradictory roles. On the one hand, it has served as a democratizing element in American higher education, by enabling greater access to postsecondary study. Because of its lower cost and less selective admissions policies, the community college enrolls students who would not otherwise have attended college. To its students, the community college offers a variety of options: credit courses and degree programs that are transferable to four-year colleges, subbaccalaureate degrees and certification for a range of occupations, and noncredit adult and continuing education. these schools offer an afforable option to go to college and ttransfer to a four year University
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read.amazon.com read.amazon.comKindle4
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4 studies of community colleges
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Less than 10% of all applications are accepted.
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Elite colleges are desired by vast majority of potential students, and they are flooded with applicants, yet represent only 3% of student population. Why do we want the unobtainable??
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deanza.instructure.com deanza.instructure.com
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Go back and review Sociologist Charles Cooley's concept of the looking glass self.
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What does filial piety mean?? Look it up.
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The additional funding sources and high likelihood of successful prosecution drove police forces toward more aggressive and inequitable tactics. After training by the Drug Enforcement Agency, police forces around the country began racial profiling in a focused, consistent manner. Black and Hispanic people were many times more likely than White people to be pulled over for routine traffic stops. Local police forces focused on patrolling minority-inhabited neighborhoods, resulting in more arrests and prosecutions of Black and Hispanic people (Harris
Did the DEA as a part of their police force trainings teach the to use racial profiling as a methods when investigating potential drug crimes?
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The motivation behind hate crimes can arise quickly, singling out specific groups who endure a rash of abuses in a short period of time. For example, beginning in 2020, people increasingly began committing violent crimes against people of Asian descent, with evidence that the attackers associated the victims with the coronavirus pandemic (Asian American Bar Association 2021).
Also after 09/11 many middle eastern people ( which includes many varying nationalities, most of which had nothing to do with 09/11, were profiled and detained at airports, pulled over and harassed by cops, assaulted and ridiculed by people who just lumped the middle east into one pot.
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The discrepancy is due to many factors: very few people actually report hate crimes for fear of retribution or
Another big reason for lack of reporting
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Attacks based on a person’s race, religion, or other characteristics are known as hate crimes. Hate crimes in the United States evolved from the time of early European settlers and their violence toward Native Americans. Such crimes weren’t investigated until the early 1900s, when the Ku Klux Klan began to draw national attention for its activities against Black people and other groups. The term “hate crime,” however, didn’t become official until the 1980s (Federal
It is shocking to me that Hate crimes were not investigated prior to the early 1900's. No wonder they go unreported! Our world has not taken the seriously in the least bit until the 1900's. I would imagine many victims feel as though there is no point
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Driving with a blood alcohol percentage over the state’s limit is a crime. Like other forms of deviance, however, ambiguity exists concerning what constitutes a crime and whether all crimes are, in fact, “bad” and deserve punishment. For example, during the 1960s, civil rights activists often violated laws intentionally as part of their effort to bring about racial equality. In hindsight, we recognize that the laws that deemed many of their actions crimes—for instance, Rosa Parks refusing to give up her seat to a White man—were inconsistent with social equality. As you have learned, all societies have informal and formal ways of maintaining social control. Within these systems of norms, societies have legal codes that maintain formal social control through laws, which are rules adopted and enforced by a political authority.
In my opinion, these laws were unjust to begin with, and it is sad that people like Rosa Parks had to fight so hard simply to sit where she wanted to on the bus, or that anyone was deprived their right to an education, or their right to vote. People had to die just to bring attention to the fact that these laws were discriminatory and unjust.
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FunctionalismAssociated TheoristDeviance arises from:Strain TheoryRobert MertonA lack of ways to reach socially accepted goals by accepted methodsSocial Disorganization TheoryUniversity of Chicago researchersWeak social ties and a lack of social control; society has lost the ability to enforce norms with some groupsConflict TheoryAssociated TheoristDeviance arises from:Unequal SystemKarl MarxInequalities in wealth and power that arise from the economic systemPower EliteC. Wright MillsAbility of those in power to define deviance in ways that maintain the status quoSymbolic InteractionismAssociated TheoristDeviance arises from:Labeling TheoryEdwin LemertThe reactions of others, particularly those in power who are able to determine labelsDifferential Association TheoryEdwin SutherlandLearning and modeling deviant behavior seen in other people close to the individualControl TheoryTravis HirschiFeelings of disconnection from society Table 7.2
Refer. back to this when writing my discussion topic and essay .
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Sutherland’s theory may explain why crime is multigenerational. A longitudinal study beginning in the 1960s found that the best predictor of antisocial and criminal behavior in children was whether their parents had been convicted of a crime (Todd and Jury 1996). Children who were younger than ten years old when their parents were convicted were more likely than other children to engage in spousal abuse and criminal behavior by their early thirties. Even when taking socioeconomic factors such as dangerous neighborhoods, poor school systems, and overcrowded housing into consideration, researchers found that parents were the main influence on the behavior of their offspring (Todd and Jury 1996).
My husband and his siblings were raised by the same mother and father. One son, my husband, the middle child, always stayed between the lines and followed tall of he rules, he was well liked, got good grades, put himself through college while working full time and became an aeronautical engineer.and would often accept punishment for deviant behavior committed by his brother to keep the peace.He also got the least attention. He is the most conscientious loving , trustworthy and loyal person I know. To me this contradicts Edwin Sutherlands differential association theory.
His older brother, began using drugs at a very early age, sniffed glue at 9, took downers or reds at 12, and essentially became sexually active at 12 or 13m because their adult neighbor seduced him. Much of this his parents were oblivious to. He was put on behavioral medications as a child, and commanded a lot of attention. As a young man he joined the military and after going AWOL several times was ulitimatley dishonorably discharged. In later life he became an i.v. meth user, contracted HIV from sharing needles, went through countless rehabs, and ultimately died as an overdose. To this day his parents are in denial about who he had become.
His youngest brother by 7 years also became sexually active at a very young age. The same neighbor sexually abused him. He became a womanizer often having 3 to 4 women who all thought the were the only one. He has never held a real job, Had two children that he loves but never really helped the Mom with any sort of support , financially or in caring for the kids. but has managed to find women with lots of money support him. He lived with their parents on and off into his 50's. Just recently at 60 years old he seems to have settled down with one woman. She is also a very wealthy woman who is happy to take care of him.
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Under the Fourteenth Amendment, states are allowed to deny voting privileges to individuals who have participated in “rebellion or other crime” (Krajick 2004). Although there are no federally mandated laws on the matter, most states practice at least one form of felony disenfranchisement. Is it fair to prevent citizens from participating in such an important process? Proponents of disfranchisement laws argue that felons have a debt to pay to society. Being stripped of their right to vote is part of the punishment for criminal deeds. Such proponents point out that voting isn’t the only instance in which ex-felons are denied rights; state laws also ban released criminals from holding public office, obtaining professional licenses, and sometimes even inheriting property (Lott and Jones 2008).
Yet we allow our sitting president with 28 felony conviction, hold public office, vote, and literally face zero consequences for his actions. what male privilege to it's core.
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Labeling theory examines the ascribing of a deviant behavior to another person by members of society. Thus, what is considered deviant is determined not so much by the behaviors themselves or the people who commit them, but by the reactions of others to these behaviors. As a result, what is considered deviant changes over time and can vary significantly across cultures.
In the opinion of the religious right if a woman chooses to have an abortion they are murderers, where others strongly believe it's my body it's my choice.
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The student is reprimanded frequently by teachers and school staff, and soon enough, develops a reputation as a “troublemaker.” As a result, the student starts acting out even more and breaking more rules; the student has adopted the “troublemaker” label and embraced this deviant identity. Secondary deviance can be so strong that it bestows a master status on an individual. A master status is a label that describes the chief characteristic of an individual. Some people see themselves primarily as doctors, artists, or grandfathers. Others see themselves as beggars, convicts, or addicts.
If you are continually tell someone they are bad they become bad. refer back to book whale done.
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Conflict theory was greatly influenced by the work of German philosopher, economist, and social scientist Karl Marx. Marx believed that the general population was divided into two groups. He labeled the wealthy, who controlled the means of production and business, the bourgeois. He labeled the workers who depended on the bourgeois for employment and survival the proletariat. Marx believed that the bourgeois centralized their power and influence through government, laws, and other authority agencies in order to maintain and expand their positions of power in society. Though Marx spoke little of deviance, his ideas created the foundation for conflict theorists who study the intersection of deviance and crime with wealth and power.
How is it that over 100 years later we are still living under this system?
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High rates of poverty and single-parent homes correlated with high rates of juvenile violence. Research into social disorganization theory can greatly influence public policy. For instance, studies have found that children from disadvantaged communities who attend preschool programs that teach basic social skills are significantly less likely to engage in criminal activity. (Lally 1987)
This alligns with the fact that the first 3 to 4 years of life play the largest role in who we become.
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: Those who conform choose not to deviate. They pursue their goals to the extent that they can through socially accepted means. Innovation: Those who innovate pursue goals they cannot reach through legitimate means by instead using criminal or deviant means. Ritualism: People who ritualize lower their goals until they can reach them through socially acceptable ways. These members of society focus on conformity rather than attaining a distant dream. Retreatism: Others retreat and reject society’s goals and means. Some people who beg and people who are homeless have withdrawn from society’s goal of financial success. Rebellion: A handful of people rebel and replace a society’s goals and means with their own. Terrorists or freedom fighters look to overthrow a society’s goals through socially unacceptable
Conformity ex: People who stay within the lines. they may be very goal oriented, will not go outside of the acceptable means to get there. Innovation exp: Also goal oriented, and will do whatever it takes to achieve those goals even it that means going outside of acceptable norms. Ritualism: These are people that just lower the bar and reduce their goals until they can reach whatever they can achieve within the acceptable means. Retreatism: These are people that for whatever reason just give up. they do not see themselves able or worthy to achieve or have any goals Many homeless people have retreated from society's goal of financial success. These could have been people that had resources, but perhaps were beaten down to feel that they were not worthy. Rebellion: People who rebel tend to reject societal norms, bringing there own agenda into place. I believe there can be both positive and negative forms of rebellion.
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which notes that access to socially acceptable goals plays a part in determining whether a person conforms or deviates. From birth, we’re encouraged to achieve the “American Dream” of financial success.
which notes that access to socially acceptable goals plays a part in determining whether a person conforms or deviates. From birth, we’re encouraged to achieve the “American Dream” of financial success. How do we solve this system of inequity? The more money you have the more opportunities you receive, People with less money do not have access to those same opportunities. Think of all of the brilliant people that have been left behind, that we won't ever know about simply because they never got the opportunity . potential inventors, thought leaders, presidents. The system is not fair, and it surpresses growth
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Sociologist Robert Merton agreed that deviance is an inherent part of a functioning society, but he expanded on Durkheim’s ideas by developing strain theory,
Sociologist Robert Merton agreed that deviance is an inherent part of a functioning society, but he expanded on Durkheim’s ideas by developing strain theory, What is strain theory. This is a new concept for me. investigate more!
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For example, in large, industrialized societies that were largely bound together by the interdependence of work (the division of labor), punishments for deviance were generally less severe. In smaller, more homogeneous societies, deviance might be punished more severely.
The sad thing is that with current leadership in the U.S. we are going backwards. The inequities are almost worse than ever before.
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Laws as an expression of "collective conscience" meaning peoples beliefs, morals, and attitudes ultimately determines when and if a crime is a crime. I imagine those collective consciouses vary from place to place.
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Until the 1970s and 1980s, same-sex acts were prohibited by state laws. It was illegal to be gay or lesbian, and the restrictions extended to simple displays like holding hands. Other laws prohibited clothing deemed “inappropriate” for one’s biological sex. As a result, military service members and even war veterans were dishonorably discharged (losing all benefits) if they were discovered to be gay. Police harassed and humiliated LGBTQ people and regularly raided gay bars. And anti-LGBTQ street violence or hate crimes were tacitly permitted because they were rarely prosecuted and often lightly punished. While most states had eliminated their anti-LGBTQ laws by the time the Supreme Court struck them down in 2003, 14 states still had some version of them on the books.
It is sad to think that this is how my Uncle had to live. Living his life in secret, which lead to many other challenges in his life.
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In the early 1900s, an influx of immigrants began entering the country from Mexico. These newcomers took up residence in White communities, spoke a different language, and began competing for jobs and resources. They used marijuana more frequently than most Americans. Police and others began to circulate rumors regarding the substance’s link to violence and immorality. Newspapers and lawmakers spoke about the “Marijuana Menace” and the “evil weed,” and articles and images began to portray it as a corrupting force on America’s youth. Beginning in 1916, state after state began passing laws prohibiting marijuana use, and in 1937 Congress passed a federal law banning it (White
Is this stating Mexican's brought Marijuana to the U.S.? It seems like a bit of a generalization. Learn more about this.
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But the relativity of deviance can have significant societal impacts, including perceptions and prosecutions of crime. They may often be based on racial, ethnic, or related prejudices.
A crime committed by a white person is often teated less harshly then it it were a person of color.
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if an adult, who should “know better,” spoke loudly or told jokes at a funeral, they may be chastised and forever marked as disrespectful or unusual. But in many cultures, funerals are followed by social gatherings – some taking on a party-like atmosphere – so those same jovial behaviors would be perfectly acceptable, and even encouraged, just an hour later.
common sence, there is a time and a place for joking.
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positive contributions of deviance is that it fosters social change. For example, during the U.S. civil rights movement, Rosa Parks violated social norms when she refused to move to the “Black section” of the bus, and the Little Rock Nine broke customs of segregation to attend an Arkansas public school.
Deviance can sometimes have positive. For example breaking a rule or law because it is socially unjust. For example discriminatory laws. Sometimes it's come sence, like don't follow a rule over a cliff.
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folkways, mores,
What are folkways and mores?
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