Francois Rabelais is well known for his controversial writings, and particularly his brand of humor, often being crude and vulgar, but it's what distinguishes his writing from others. Years later it's clear that his writing has made readers reconsider many factors especially philosophically and in some aspects religiously. The most interesting part from this section is the latin, which states "Ad formam nasi cognoscitur ad te levavi" which is for the most part, nonsensical and translates to an irrelevant comment Frair John's nose. Rabelais's sense of humor was truly unique as it made readers during the Renaissance era truly question what made certain aspects humorous. Whether it be the obscene and random bodily humor which was out of place for an era known for it's methodical thinking and revolutionary ties or it's jabs at mocking Latin, parodying a language known for it's religious and intellectual ties, truly challenging those typically stereotypes of the language.

Hallett, Ronald A., and Peter Derks. "Humor theory and Rabelais." (1998): 135-160.k

"Immortality" is an important idea that is presented within this annotated section but it doesn't pertain to the actual idea of one living forever, but rather the idea of family and keeping a lineage "alive". Gargantua poses this idea to his son Pantagruel because he believes the family name is essential and it's something that he learned from his own father Grandgousier at some point, as it's an important idea brought up especially within paternal relationships as the male's name in most cases takes over. Humanist ideals are also very present within this section of the text as a separation between body and soul are made clear within this section. The body is the "lesser part" and shows the importance of his soul and how the family name being carried is the most important part compared to his own body as while the body may rot and decay the soul will live on.

Rigolot, François. "Father Figures: Genealogy and Narrative Structure in Rabelais." (1994): 480-482.

Dante's Inferno is a heavily religious story with many parallels coming from biblical ideologies as well as Greek mythology and history. This is clear through the sevenfold walls each representing a separate layer of protection from each of the 7 sins. The sparkling tide also shows the Greek influence from the Acheron River in Greece. These show the separation the first circle of hell distinguishes from the rest. All the pagans and unbaptized lie in the first circle, as it's much safer from the rest of different circles of Hell, where the deeper it goes the more gravitational weight certain sins possess.

Pertile, Lino. "Introduction to Inferno." The Cambridge Companion to Dante (2007): 67-90.

Cerveny, Randy. "The Weather of Hell: A Look at the Meteorology of Dante's Inferno." Weatherwise 66.2 (2013): 38-45.

Hunting was seen as entertainment and competition back in the day where the victor would gladly show off his winnings after killing the animal. That's why hunting even today is considered as sport, as it's recreational. In the context of this story however, it's a sign of respect, especially for Gawain as herds of huntsmen go ahead to chase the animal where in the end, the winnings will go to Gawain, as a sign of respect. That's what makes the game between Gawain and the lord so interesting, because Gawain is being directly respected by the lord and his gifts. In a sense the lord is also being respected as Gawain remains faithful and respectful as he does not succumb to temptation by the lord's wife within the lord's castle.

Henricks, Thomas S. "Sport and social hierarchy in medieval England." Journal of Sport History 9.2 (1982): 20-37.

Judkins, Ryan R. "The game of the courtly hunt: chasing and breaking deer in late medieval English literature." The Journal of English and Germanic Philology 112.1 (2013): 70-92.

By this point Medea is confronting Jason and the Leader by this point, in order to go against the misogynistic views of the men. Medea has a dominant and clear feminist role within the book and by this point she is calling out men for their flaws. In this particular case it's the flaw of men being too prideful leading them to their own dooms, with their lies and broken promises. She particularly calls out the flaws of Jason at this point by telling him that his own greed for more has ruined their relationship and that this continuous greed from so many men will lead to their own downfalls, or as she says "...wreck, not help...", which is an eventual foreshadow for later within the book.

Cairns, Douglas. "Medea: Feminism or Misogyny?." 2014), Looking at Medea: Essays and a Translation of Euripides’ Tragedy (2014): 123-137. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3346093?seq=3

Durham, Carolyn A. "Medea: hero or heroine?." Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies (1984): 54-59.

The Bhagavad Gita is a major piece of text within the larger epic of the Mahabharata, which is important in the context of understanding the Hindu beliefs within the Gita. Chapter XVI particularly focuses on those with good karma and those with bad karma, as implied by it's title, "...Divine and Undivine." When looking at this particular text from this chapter, an emphasis on what happens to those with bad karma and those incapable of meeting their duties are established in bad families within their next lives, as inferred when Krishna says "devilish wombs re-spawn them". This is because it's believed those with devilish actions will be brought back with those that shared similar intents in their past lives, essentially grouping all the devilish and bad together as payment for their actions in their past lives.

Hutchinson, J.F., Sharp, R. Karma, reincarnation, and medicine: Hindu perspectives on biomedical research. HUGO J 2, 107–111 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11568-009-9079-4

Thrane, Susan MSN, RN, OCN. Hindu End of Life: Death, Dying, Suffering, and Karma. Journal of Hospice & Palliative Nursing 12(6):p 337-342, November 2010. | DOI: 10.1097/NJH.0b013e3181f2ff11