Last week, the U.S. Department of Justice unveiled a newly revised guide on use of profiling by law enforcement, distinguishing between legitimate uses (such as using race and other characteristics in a suspect description) and illegitimate uses (such as criminal stereotypes). Among other things, the guide explains that uses of race and other characteristics should be based on particularized and trustworthy information relevant to the specific investigation, rather than generalized stereotypes. The policy also provides general provisions on training, data collection and accountability, and it was expanded to include national origin, religion, gender, sexual orientation and gender identity. Civil rights groups have been calling for this updated guide for years.

Listening to the voices from the movement — and learning from the death of Eric Garner and the series of other deaths of unarmed black men — it’s clear that two issues need to be addressed: racial profiling and police use of excessive force. Both run afoul of the U.S. Constitution, but remain common practices in law enforcement, too often with tragic results. In Garner’s case, for example, police targeted him for the petty crime of selling loose cigarettes — the types of crimes black people are targeted for at higher rates — and then attempted to arrest him with a chokehold, banned by the department. Whatever else we have learned from the recent tragedies of police violence, it is clear that we need comprehensive federal, state  and local policies that outlaw racial profiling and rein in police excessive force.

Twenty states have no laws prohibiting racial profiling by law enforcement, according to an NAACP report released in September.

black and Latino communities continue to be the overwhelming target of these tactics. Nearly nine out of 10 stopped-and-frisked New Yorkers have been completely innocent, according to the NYPD’s own reports:

In 2015, New Yorkers were stopped by the police 22,939 times. 18,353 were totally innocent (80 percent). 12,23 were black (54 percent). 2,567 were Latino (11 percent). 6,598 were white (29 percent).

The study—which gathered data voluntarily reported to the FBI from 2011–2012, tracked by race (excluding Latinos)— found that 70 departments from Connecticut to California arrest Blacks at a rate 10 times more than people of other races.

According to reports submitted to the FBI, more than half of the arrests in Dearborn in 2011 and 2012 were Black—yet Blacks only make up 4 percent of the town’s population. Within those two years, 4,500 Black arrests were reported—500 more than the amount of Black people who actually reside in Dearborn. The arrest rate for Blacks compared to Dearborn’s population was 26 times higher than for non-Blacks.

Only 173 of the 3,538 police departments USA Today examined arrested Black people at a rate equal to or lower than other racial groups.

These departments range from those in major cities, like Chicago and San Francisco, to suburban towns on the outskirts of cities like Detroit and New York. In St. Louis County alone, more than two dozen police departments had arrest rates more lopsided than Ferguson’s.

The Michael Brown shooting in Ferguson, Mo., has brought racial-profiling and racial disparities in arrests to the forefront again. Racial profiling is rampant in Ferguson—Blacks account for 93 percent of traffic-stop arrests—but the racial disparity in arrests is

Inner city crime prompted by social and economic isolation

1 in 100 African American women are in prison

About 14 million Whites and 2.6 million African Americans report using an illicit drug 5 times as many Whites are using drugs as African Americans, yet African Americans are sent to prison for drug offenses at 10 times the rate of Whites

African Americans are incarcerated at nearly six times the rate of whites Together, African American and Hispanics comprised 58% of all prisoners in 2008, even though African Americans and Hispanics make up approximately one quarter of the US population

African Americans now constitute nearly 1 million of the total 2.3 million incarcerated population

A small number of people with Salmonella develop pain in their joints. This is called reactive arthritis. Reactive arthritis can last for months or years and can lead to chronic arthritis, which can be difficult to treat1. Antibiotic treatment of the initial Salmonella infection does not make a difference in whether or not the person develops arthritis1. People with reactive arthritis can also develop irritation of the eyes and painful urination5.

. Salmonella serotype Typhimurium[PDF - 15 pages](http://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/pdf/typhimurium-508c.pdf) and Salmonella serotype Enteritidis[PDF - 15 pages](http://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/pdf/enteritidis-508c.pdf) are the most common in the United States

Children are at the highest risk for Salmonella infection

1.2 million illnesses and approximately 450 deaths occur due to non-typhoidal Salmonella annually in the United States

Most people infected with Salmonella develop diarrhea, fever, and abdominal cramps between 12 and 72 hours after infection. The illness usually lasts 4 to 7 days

Taco Bell has been linked to two other outbreaks in the last six years

Salmonella bacteria are the most frequently reported cause of foodborne illness. Infection results in fever, cramps, and diarrhea that lasts for several days and can require hospitalization.

Taco Bell was tied to a salmonella outbreak that sickened 155 people in 21 states.

Oklahoma was one of the 10 states which reported infections, along with Texas, Kansas, Iowa, Michigan, Missouri, Nebraska, New Mexico, Ohio, and Tennessee. Oklahoma's 16 infections were second to Texas, which reported 43 people sickened by salmonella.

Taco Bell food may have sickened 68 people in 10 states during a salmonella outbreak in October 2011

Though more states are opting back in, the overall amount of lean finely textured beef purchased by the school lunch program is still way down from its production heyday when most people did not realize the extent of its presence in the U.S. food supply and it was in use in nearly all of the states.

Lean finely textured beef brings down the cost of ground beef by about 3 percent, which can add up quickly in a program that feeds more than 31 million school children each day.

schools in four more states have since put aside concerns and resumed buying the controversial product.

Their action followed a massive media uproar,

Their action followed a massive media uproar,

Food begins to lose nutrition as soon as it is harvested

Consumers increasingly are seeking out the flavors of fresh, vine-ripened foods grown on local farms rather than those trucked to supermarkets from faraway lands.

75% of their organic certification costs reimbursed, and some of them can obtain crop insurance.

$2.3 billion was set aside this year for specialty crops, such as the eggplants, strawberries, or salad greens that are grown by exactly these small, mostly organic farmers. That’s a big bump-up from the $100 million that was earmarked for such things in the previous legislation.

Bush has threatened to veto the bill, but it passed with enough votes to sustain an override.

the number of small farms has increased 20% in the past six years, to 1.2 million, according to the Agriculture Dept. . . .