This section explains how academic articles get checked by experts before being published important for understanding why professors trust them.Peer-review is like a super intense homework check before an expert can publish an article its basically going through a job interview process to get published.

This section explains which sources are the most trustworthy in research (Tier 1) and which are least trusted for citation (Tier 4). Freshmen need this to avoid using weak sources in their papers. From Tier 1 = best (used by experts; checked carefully). Tier 2 = still good from places like government agencies or major newspapers. Tier 3 = short news snippets not bad, but not great. Tier 4 = opinions or websites where anyone can write anything like Wikipedia,You can read Tier 4, but you shouldn’t use it in a serious school paper.

College students need to understand this difference to do proper research. It's a core concept used in almost every college paper.

calling a problem a “war” makes it seem like something we have to fight with force. But issues like poverty or drugs don’t have armies you can’t defeat them like enemies. Using war language can make these problems seem scarier and make people think extreme actions are needed.

I realized that once the country spends a lot of money on weapons, it becomes harder to stop being at war. It means war can become a business. His warning helps explain why the U.S. often seems to be preparing for or involved in conflicts.

This stood out to me because it shows that we use war words all the time without noticing. When we say things like “battle,” “attack,” or “enemy,” it makes normal problems sound like fights. That can make people see the world as more dangerous or divided than it really is.

The sentence explains that celebrity became a new kind of social standing that isn t based on being born into a powerful family or achieving something official like winning an award or holding a high job. Instead celebrity status comes from public attention.

The sentence means that being a celebrity has both positives and negatives. It’s good because many people know who you are, but it’s bad because you might be famous for reasons that aren’t meaningful or important.

The word celebrity originally didn’t mean a famous person. Long ago, it meant a big ceremony or celebration. Over time, people stopped using those meanings. Eventually the word changed into what we use today—someone who is well-known. Words can change their meanings as people use them differently over hundreds of years.

A word can have a bunch of meanings at the same time. In our minds, we keep these different meanings ready, like choices. When we talk or listen, we pick the one that fits best.

Words change over time. Also some old meanings are still used, some are fading away, and some have vanished and been replaced by new meanings. Knowing this helps us understand why people sometimes use the same word in different ways.

The phrase says that one word can mean different things to different people at the same time these mixed meanings matter when we talk about important issues, because misunderstandings can cause arguments knowing this helps everyone listen better and share ideas more clearly with others.