47 Matching Annotations
  1. May 2020
    1. who bit detectives in the neck and shrieked with delight in policecars for committing no crime but their own wild cooking pederasty and intoxication

      I love this line because I feel like it does a great job of reclaiming the narriative. Throughout the poem, we see these people rioting because they're fed up or just simply need a form of escapism. If they were treated better, perhaps they wouldn't need to turn to intoxication. I love the indlugence of vulgarity and the ownership of wild behavior. It's like a big eff you, saying "Look at what you made me. Are you happy now?"

    2. angels

      There are several mentions of angels throughout the poem, which make me curious about the significance. Perhaps, the minority groups Ginsberg labels as "angels," signifies the innocence of these persecuted groups. These people have done nothing wrong, yet have been berated by White America for generations. It makes sense why Ginsberg would label these people as "angels".

    3. who loned it through the streets of Idaho seeking visionary indian angels who were visionary indian angels

      This line is really thought provoking, leading me to wonder if other persecuted minorities in America found solace in one another during this time. I always hear stories of discrimination rising within minority communities as a way to reclaim power (for example: black communities and the rivalry between latinx communities, or the rivalry between the Irish and Italians). I've always wondered: why don't all minority communities work together instead of against each other? Perhaps if we did, we might be strong enough to overthrow our persecutors.

    1. I love this cultured hell that tests my youth. Her vigor flows like tides into my blood, Giving me strength erect against her hate,

      This is extremely powerful. I feel as if McKay is reclaiming his narriative in America. So much of the poetry during this time does not frown upon the burdens the black community has had to face. But rather, highlights the empowerment and beauty that comes from resistance.

    2. I shall return to loiter by the streams That bathe the brown blades of the bending grasses, And realize once more my thousand dreams

      There seems to be a theme of water and rebirth in McKay and Hughes' poems.I like the hopefullness that comes with the idea of returning again, and finally carrying out one's dreams. This reminds me of Hughes' poem "Harlem," seemingly offering a response to the question propsed--"what happens to a dream deferred?" Here, it seems as if McKay is hopefull of one day pursuing those dreams. The poetry of this time indicates liberation is coming, so we must push forward.

    1. My song has the lush sweetness Of moist, dark lips Where hymns keep company

      Something I love about this movement is how poets romanticize black people and their music. There is less acknowledgment of the saddness that haunts the black community. Instead, there is celebration of black culture, which feels more liberating. By displaying this beauty, more people in the black community might begin to internalize it as well. This reminds me of severing the veil, and reclaiming their identity.

    2. With tendrils drinking at the Nile … I want to feel the surging Of my sad people’s soul Hidden by a minstrel-smile.

      I loved this whole poem. It was so evocative and beautiful. Most importantly, I feel like it ties back to Langston Hughes' "The Negro Speaks the River." There seems to be a constant reminder in the black community of the glory days in Egypt, perhaps as a reminder that their people can be something great. There is so much hopefulness in this recollection, and I feel like this movement is filled with positivity and liberation.

    3. For some of us have songs to sing Of jungle heat and fires, And some of us are solemn grown With pitiful desires,

      This reminds me of Langston Hughes' "Weary Blues." I feel like this line is very telling of the times, and how the black community collectively started to find a voice through music.

    1. “I got the Weary Blues And I can’t be satisfied. Got the Weary Blues And can’t be satisfied– I ain’t happy no mo’ And I wish that I had died.” And far into the night he crooned that tune. The stars went out and so did the moon. The singer stopped playing and went to bed While the Weary Blues echoed through his head. He slept like a rock or a man that’s dead.

      While this poem seems to end on a sad note, I actually think there is so much beauty to it. To me, it reads as if he falls so deeply in love with his music that it is unbecoming. It's a new sensation he has never known, almost like an awakening of the soul. I don't think it's him who dies, but rather, the previous version of his soul.

    2. Tomorrow, I’ll be at the table When company comes. Nobody’ll dare Say to me, “Eat in the kitchen,” Then.

      I don't actually think he's invited to the table to eat with the company, but rather serve. I appreciate the irony of this, for the joke is on them. While they try to shun him on a regular basis, the truth is that they need him when it matters. When they realize this truth, they will be ashamed. Hence the last lines of the poem.

    3. I looked upon the Nile and raised the pyramids above it. I heard the singing of the Mississippi when Abe Lincoln went down to New Orleans,* and I’ve seen its muddy bosom turn all golden in the sunset.

      This reminds me of the shift in power dynamics the Africans have gone through in history. In ancient Egypt, while the Egyptians were responsible for creating the pyramids, they also enslaved a handful of the Jews to assist them in the building. This dynamic shfts years later, when the Africans are enslaved in America.

    1. With this renewed self-respect and self-dependence, the life of the Negro community is bound to enter a new dynamic phase, the buoyancy from within compensating for whatever pressure there may be of conditions from without.

      I completely agree with this philosophy. With self-respect and self-dependence, it allows the Negro community true freedom of self expression, which can only lead to an era of greatness. Without the limitation of the white gaze a burden on their shoulders, there are no restrictions on what they can create. Liberation leads to creative freedom.

    2. Until recently, lacking selfunderstanding, we have been almost as much of a problem to ourselves as we still are to others. But the decade that found us with a problem has left us with only a task. The multitude perhaps feels as yet only a strange relief and a new vague urge, but the thinking few know that in the reaction the vital inner grip of prejudice has been broken.

      This stikes me as a transcendence from the concecpt of the veil. The veil is what causes the "lack of self understanding" for it only allows one to see how they are percieved by others, instead of how they genuninely percieve themselves. By removing themselves from the white gaze, they are allowing themselves to develop their own individuality and identity, thus breaking free from "the inner grip of prejudice."

    3. The Sociologist, The Philanthropist, the Race-leader are not unaware of the New Negro but they are at a loss to account for him. He simply cannot be swathed in their formulae. For the younger generation is vibrant with a new psychology; the new spirit is awake in the masses, and under the very eyes of the professional observers is transforming what has been a perennial problem into the progressive phases of contemporary Negro life.

      This right here indicates signs of modernism, with a push away from tradition and an embrace of somethig new. The progression of "The New Negro" and the "vibrant new psychology" of the younger generation indicates a move away from the traditional white pedestal and a push towards creating a more diverse platform of art.

    1. A prominent Negro clubwoman in Philadelphia paid eleven dollars to hear Raquel Meller sing Andalusian popular songs. But she told me a few weeks before she would not think of going to hear “that woman,” Clara Smith, a great black artist, sing Negro folksongs. And many an upper -class Negro church, even now, would not dream of employing a spiritual in its services. The drab melodies in white folks’ hymnbooks are much to be preferred. “We want to worship the Lord correctly and quietly. We don’t believe in ‘shouting.’ Let’s be dull like the Nordics,” they say, in effect.

      It is really sad and jarring for me to see such an outward rejection of black culture within the community. Although I don't feel super in touch with my culture, I still always support artists in my community trying to branch out. This really highlights the self-loathing within the community and reminds me of "the veil". The blacks see themselves the way they whites see them, and in turn reject how they see themselves.

    2. Certainly there is, for the American Negro artist who can escape the restrictions the more advanced among his own group would put upon him, a great field of unused material ready for his art. Without going outside his race, and even among the better classes with their “white” culture and conscious American manners, but still Negro enough to be different, there is sufficient matter to furnish a black artist with a lifetime of creative work.

      I feel like this is a great example of modernist thinking--the idea of going against tradition (following the way of whites) and instead embracing entirely new kinds of art produced by the black community. The idea of accepting blackness as beautiful may be interpreted as a modernist way of thinking, since it rejects the traditional standard that white is best.

    3. s. And the mother often says “Don’t be like niggers” when the children are bad. A frequent phrase from the father is, “Look how well a white man does things.” And so the word white comes to be unconsciously a symbol of all virtues. It holds for the children beauty, morality, and money. The whisper of “I want to be white” runs silently through their minds. This young poet’s home is, I believe, a fairly typical home of the colored middle class. One sees immediately how difficult it would be for an artist born in such a home to interest himself in interpreting the beauty of his own people. He is never taught to see that beauty. He is taught rather not to see it, or if he does, to be ashamed of it when it is not according to Caucasian patterns

      I really resonate with this passage, for this is something even I struggle with as a writer today. As an Asian American, I barely grew up seeing myself in the stories I love. In fact, it wasn't until I was 20 years old that I actually felt represented in a story the way I wanted to be seen. From a young age, I have always wanted to be white. It's all I've ever seen as "beautiful" and this conflict lead to a seperation between me and my culture entirely. I've always felt more American than Asian, and I feel more comfortable around white people than my own race. I didn't even realize how badly I've shunned my own culture until the day it dawned on me I know nothing about my culture at all. It is really sad that this is something we have always had to deal with in American society, regardless of what minority race you are.

  2. Apr 2020
    1. “My feet are at Moorgate, and my heart Under my feet. After the event He wept. He promised a ‘new start.’ I made no comment. What should I resent?”

      The motif that arises in this passage is desire, and the fullfillment/unfullfillment of it. It first appears that the speaker's desire is fulfilled. "My feet are at Moorgate, and my heart under my feet." The line "my heart under my feet" indicates that the speaker is exactly where they want to be. However, it says "After the event he wept. He promised a new start." This idicates that whoever the speaker is with is still unfullfilled, for his true desire has not been satisfied. The speaker responds, "What should I resent?", meaning, he is content. Here, we have one person completely fulfilled, and one with a desire that is not.

    2. And other withered stumps of time Were told upon the walls; staring forms Leaned out, leaning, hushing the room enclosed. Footsteps shuffled on the stair. Under the firelight, under the brush, her hair Spread out in fiery points Glowed into words, then would be savagely still.

      The first motif that catches my eyes is time, indicated in the "withered stumps of time." This motif stays on theme with the warped sense of time constant throughout the poem. In this piece, Eliot frequently alludes to desire, and being unable to fulfill that desire. "Withered stumps of time" reminds me of decaying time, as if this wealthy woman surrounded by her riches has wasted away alone, with nothing but her treasures. There is a sad longing in this motif, as if she longs for something more fulfilling than just her riches. When she hears the "footsteps sheffled on the stair," her "hair spread out in firey points." This indicates that at the sound of life, of company, something within her ignites, thus indicating her desire for company.

  3. Mar 2020
    1. Thank you. If you see dear Mrs. Equitone, Tell her I bring the horoscope myself: One must be so careful these days.

      Again, this is abrupt and out of place. It's as if the speaker just says things for fun with no intention. What is the point of this? What even is the point of mentioning a clairvoyante? Who are you thanking and for what? Who is Mrs. Equitone and why do you have her horoscope? Why must one be careful these days? None of the content within this poem is consistent or clear. It's as if there are several narriatives within one poem strung together with no purpose

    2.   What are the roots that clutch, what branches grow Out of this stony rubbish? Son of man, You cannot say, or guess, for you know only A heap of broken images, where the sun beats, And the dead tree gives no shelter, the cricket no relief, And the dry stone no sound of water. Only There is shadow under this red rock, (Come in under the shadow of this red rock), And I will show you something different from either Your shadow at morning striding behind you Or your shadow at evening rising to meet you; I will show you fear in a handful of dust.                       Frisch weht der Wind                       Der Heimat zu                       Mein Irisch Kind,                       Wo weilest du?

      This entire stanza is rather confusing for me, since the transition is pretty abrupt and the subject is unclear. What "stony rubish" is the speaker refering to? Where are they? How does this tie into anything they've been saying thus far? Who is this "son of man" they are refering to? This entire passage is really abstract and and unclear. How will going into the shadow of a red rock enlighten the "son of man"? Then it just transitions into a whole other language.

    1. By constantly tormenting them with reminders of the lice in their children’s hair, the School Physician first brought their hatred down on him

      This reminds me of "the veil" and how even the poor have a veil, not just people of color. By tormenting someone about the lice in their hair, it not only reminds them that they cannot afford proper hygine, but they internalize that they are dirty and it dehumanizes them.Here we see how the poor can develop a double consciousness, and one's hate for them can become hate for themselves.

    2. her great ungainly hips and flopping breasts addressed to cheap jewelry and rich young men with fine eyes

      This follows William's critique on the American tradition of how women--especially colored women--are dehumanized and objectified by the male gaze. This line sexualizes the young fifteen year old, only descibing her as a sexual object with "ungainly hips and flopping breasts" for "rich young men with fine eyes."

    3. sent out at fifteen to work in some hard-pressed house in the suburbs—

      This appears to be a critique on American tradition, which is one of the themes of Modernism. The way this is written, it is implied that it is normal to send out young colored girls to work for rich suburban families. It is even more normal to spin this as a savior narriative, noting how if they the state didn't "rescue" her, she'd end up in desolation "hemmed round with disease or murder." This is the American tradition Williams appears to critique.

  4. Feb 2020
    1. Use no superfluous word, no adjective which does not reveal something

      What counts as an "adjective that reveals something"? What if I were to use an adjective to descibe beauty. Would that be considered a "superfluous word"? Is Pound saying that every adjective has to contribute to something meaningful? If writing this way, is one limited in discussing only topics of high importance?

    2. Upon many points of taste and of predilection we differed

      Since art is subjective and of course tastes are going to differ, why even come up with this re-design with someone else? Why not just create your own poetic movement? Is there a specific reason Pound wanted to team up with H.D. Aldington to do this?

    3. As regarding rhythm: to compose in the sequence of the musical phrase, not in sequence of a metronome.

      What defines a "musical phrase"? It is clear what the sound of a metronome is, but a "musical phrase" is more subjective. Could this mean, poetry without a set rhythm? Or is it calling on the poet to invent a new kind of rhythm? Also, what does Pound have against the metronome sequence?

    1. Before these gathering dews are gone May pierce me–does the rose regret The day she did her armour on?

      The rose is personified as a woman, and the delphinium is personified as a man. The speaker describes the thorns as "armour". Perhaps the rose (the woman) did not mean to hurt the delphinium (the man), and was just defending herself as women so often have to do against men.

    2. Love is not all:

      Examining this line with a feminist approach, could Millay be saying marriage is not everything? Taking away knowledge from my Women in Literature class, in the early 1900s, women were not allowed to exist independently outside of marriage. Could it be that the opposite of love is freedom? Do you think love represents marriage in this poem?

    1. The witch that came (the withered hag)

      The way Frost specifically points out the witch is a "withered hag" reminds me of how women have been villianized and dehumanized throughout history over accusations of being a witch. What does this line say about the time period this was written in? Do you think this is this a slur to women?

    2. And both that morning equally lay In leaves no step had trodden black.

      If the speaker is indicating that the roads are equals, then why is one rode less traveled by? I feel like the meaning of the poem would be stronger if Frost defined what made the road he chose the more difficult one.

    3. But at spring mending-time we find them there, I let my neighbor know beyond the hill; And on a day we meet to walk the line And set the wall between us once again.

      What is the meaning of the gaps? And why must they mend the gaps? Why does the wall represent division and not unity? If I were to build a wall in between a gap, I would think it would be like a bridge to unite two different sides. But that doesn't seem to be the case here.

    1. Below him, in the town among the trees, Where friends of other days had honored him, A phantom salutation of the dead Rang thinly till old Eben’s eyes were dim.

      Is this implying that all of his friends are dead, and that he is the last one standing?

    2. And Eben apparently thouht so too; For soon among the silver loneliness Of night he lifted up his voice and sang, Secure, with only two moons listening, Until the whole harmonious landscape rang–

      It didn't occur to me until now, that Mr. Flood is just himself, and he has been speaking to himself this whole time. How will singing into the void soothe lonliness? Is it not sadder to hear your voice fill a vast empty space? What does this say about the speaker?

    1. WHEN I died

      Was Seth Compton a real person who actually died? Or is this line meant to be symbolic, implying a metaphoric death? The speaker makes note of how the people of Spoon River destroyed his last vestige of memory and influence, and how they do not care about knowing the evil in the world. This appears to be criticizing their ignorance and behavior, almost as a warning. It is powerful that Masters chose to write from the POV of a dead character, because it comes off as a warning from the dead. The line, "choose your own good and call it good" appears to be a test or taunt, as if to scare the living into questioning their decisions, Or else, the ghost of Seth Compton will be watching you.

    2. The snows and the roses of yesterday are vanished; And what is love but a rose that fades?

      This line has a melancholy feel, perhaps implying loss. The speaker indicates that love is a fading rose, and the roses have vanished. This suggests that there was love once before, which is now gone. Perhaps due to the seeds? Could it be that some how, the seeds are the reason the speaker has lost love? What does this say about the seeds? It appears the seeds are more than just seeds. What is the significance about the seeds?

    1. Where he saw sequence, other men saw something quite different, and no one saw the same unit of measure.

      This reminds me of how I feel in math classes, which makes me wonder if the "left and right brain" theory is true. I can rarely spot sequences or patterns in math formulas, which makes me think some people were just born with one side of their brain stronger than others, and vice versa.

    2. In these seven years man had translated himself into a new universe which had no common scale of measurement with the old.

      What exactly swayed man to abandon the common scale of measurement? How does this help to move technology forward? If the measurement system was working fine up until this point, then why abandon it?

    3. denied the truths of his Science

      It's interesting to "deny the truths of science" when science is designed to prove the truth. Does this imply he cracked something new and found something revolutionary? Is he the one paving the path of science?

    1. But the facing of so vast a prejudice could not but bring the inevitable self-questioning, self-disparagement, and lowering of ideals which ever accompany repression and breed in an atmosphere of contempt and hate.

      This draws me back to our discussion of the veil, and how Du Bois will always be judging himself because he knows others are judging him. This inevitably leads to self hate, for he is always seeing himself through the lens of those who discriminate against him. Even when he is alone, this judgement is inescapable, because of how intense the prejudice against his people is.

    2. O water, voice of my heart, crying in the sand, All night long crying with a mournful cry, As I lie and listen, and cannot understand The voice of my heart in my side or the voice of the sea, O water, crying for rest, is it I, is it I? All night long the water is crying to me.

      This entire first stanza has a very solemn tone, reminding me of the role the ocean plays in Kate Chopin's the Awakening. In the Awakening, the ocean is Edna's escape from the constraints placed on her by society. In the end, she ends up killing herself in the ocean, because it was the only way she'd ever truly be free. The speaker's crying insync with the ocean makes me feel like the speaker is being tormented by the sea, for they too wish to escape like Edna.

    1. West Virginia to Kiss My Ass

      This line further supports my first claim that the people are fed up. The line "Kiss My Ass" disturbs the seriousness of the poem, as if the speaker is over it and throwing it all away. It is essentially an eff you, exaggerating how tired the speaker is of the life they're living.

    2. They Lion grow.

      It is to my interpretation that because of the hard work these people are forced to under-go, they are tired and fed up. Because of that, their rage is growing--hence the line "They Lion grow". I feel like the line is written as "They Lion grow" instead of "The Lion grows" on purpose to indentify class status. Perhaps these people are from a lower, uneducated class, thus resulting in their improper grammar.

    1. I get unreasonably angry with John sometimes. I’m sure I never used to be so sensitive. I think it is due to this nervous condition. But John says if I feel so, I shall neglect proper self-control; so I take pains to control myself—before him, at least, and that makes me very tired.

      Her entire relationship with John infuriates me. I can immediately understand the reasons for her behavior at the end of the story. Controlling anyone, not just a woman, would make them go insane. As would constantly invalidating their feelings. The ending is pretty much inevitable to me, just based on the story's begining.

    2. Personally, I disagree with their ideas. Personally, I believe that congenial work, with excitement and change, would do me good. But what is one to do?

      Immediately, this displays a woman's place in society (for this story). Women are not allowed to think or act for themselves, especially if they disagree with a man. Although she knows what she needs the most, she cannot even choose the decisions best for herself and her mental health. This foreshadows feelings of repression and resentment moving forward.

    3. You see he does not believe I am sick! And what can one do? If a physician of high standing, and one’s own husband, assures friends and relatives that there is really nothing the matter with one but temporary nervous depression—a slight hysterical tendency—what is one to do? My brother is also a physician, and also of high standing, and he says the same thing.

      This reminds me of the notion of "female hysteria" when men would not believe a woman was mentally or physically ill, but rather hysteric. Often times, instead of getting treated for their actual health issues, women were just sent to an asylum. This belittles women by discrediting any physical or mental burdens they carry. It may be interpreted that being invalidated is what actually causes women to become "hysteric".