Although all video games should not be considered art, recent developments in the medium have been widely recognized as clear indications that some video games should be regarded as art works.
Author gives recognition that not all video games should be considered art.
For the past decade, there has been a moderate amount of influence between film and video games. Although most of them are awful, several films have been made based on video games. More commonly, video games are made based on film subjects. Many readers of this article will think of PacMan or Pong when they hear of video games. If so, then the possibility of creating a narrative film on a video game story should sound surprising. As my examples indicate, recent games are far more complex than PacMan; they often involve complex stories and characterization. For those who have not played heavily narrative-integrated games, the possibility of basing a narrative of whatever sophistication on a game should indicate the level of narrative complexity already to be found in the medium.
This paragraph explains how movies are considered an art form and because movies have been made based on video games, shouldn't video games be considered an art form as well? The movies involving video game plots were just the tip of the iceberg. Since those movies, video games now offer a more interactive storyline and characterization.
One reason that video game play is not considered an artistic performance is that video games are numerous and the technology has changed rapidly over the last few decades. As such, there is no one video game around which players have focused on for extended periods of time.
The author is trying to understand that art may be seen as a longing for a singular piece and since there are many evolving games, they aren't special or meaningful enough to be considered so.
Nevertheless, we should not ignore the aesthetic experience of the performers of art works. The video game player can plausibly be considered a performer in a larger video game performance
The author tries to convey that performative art works can't be done without the performer which can also be a video game player and the art being the game design meant to enhance visual engagement.
Greek tragedies were explicitly entered into competitions, but no one seriously denies that they are art because of their competitive provenance.
counterargument rebuttal
One objection to calling sports such as diving art forms is that they are competitive. If this objection holds, then perhaps video games are not art works either, since they are essentially competitive. Competition is considered inimical to artistic creation because it locates the purpose behind the production in non-aesthetic goals.
Can be considered a counterargument. If competitiveness goes against artistic guidelines then video games aren't art.
Max Payne (Remedy Entertainment, 2001) is a third-person shooter, a game where the camera takes a perspective from slightly behind the character, allowing the player to control the direction in which the character looks and moves. Max Payne is a noir-revenge thriller in which the player's avatar[7] is a rogue cop on a mission to avenge the death of his wife and child. The game employs first-person, voice-over narration, like many works in the film noir genre, and it includes periodic graphic-novel cut scenes, inserts that develop the narration between levels or major sections of play. Although the cut-rateChandler-inspired dialogue and voice-over could use some extensive rewriting, the game makes a great effort to motivate revenge-directed anger by forcing the player to work through hallucinatory flashback episodes in which Max is impotent to prevent the slaughtering of his family. The elaborate plot, complete with double-crossings and evidence of conspiracies spiraling out to the highest levels, helps to evoke classic noir-inspired dread.
This paragraph gives an example of a video game and describes the visual rhetoric of camera angles, narration, dialogue, and storytelling that it contains.
I offer reasons for thinking that video games can be art according to historical, aesthetic, institutional, representational and expressive theories of art.
States the argument that video games can be art when taking in consideration of the history, meanings, and interpretations of art.
The fact that philosophers have not raised the question of whether video games can be art lends credence to the assumption that they are not.
If philosophers have not yet raised the question, it would make sense for people to disagree with the idea of video games being a form of art.
In a Newsweek article from March of 2000, Jack Kroll argues that "games can be fun and rewarding in many ways, but they can't transmit the emotional complexity that is the root of art."
Starts off with addressing a counterargument. Why not expand a little on his persepctive?
Next, she is focusing on podcasts as a visual format, rather than an audio one (already, filmed versions of quite a few podcasts are available to watch on YouTube).
Are podcasts more than audio conversation? Wouldn't visual podcasts just be considered basic youtube videos?
Podcasts have also helped create a burgeoning class of casually obsessive consumers, searching for fresh crumbs of information thanks to an over-exposure to the same true-crime(-adjacent) stories or the same hosts discussing their lives each week
The repetitiveness of true-crime stories has resulted in people going back to find more podcasts to quench their thirst for new material.
The podcast model has popularised the documentation then dramatisation of real stories
People enjoy the shock factor that comes in real true crime stories.
Another advantage is the meticulous research that goes into producing a high-quality factual podcast
Ethos?
Debuting in 2014, it saw journalist Sarah Koenig investigate the 1999 killing of Hae Min Lee, breaking records by becoming the first podcast to top 5m downloads later that year. The following year it won a Peabody award and in 2023, Adnan Syed, the man serving a life sentence for Lee’s murder, was released after the show highlighted flaws in the original case (though a Maryland appeals court has recently reinstated the murder conviction and Syed’s legal status remains uncertain).
Supports my podcast by displaying a similar one that was actually able to help release a man who was wrongfully convicted. This shows that not only are the podcasts trustworthy, but also helps in the outside world.
It took me 12 years to realise that I’m much funnier when I’m being honest about my lifeJosh Widdicombe, Parenting Hell
Podcast hosts can gain credibility not just by being truthful but also by being authentic.
The accessible nature of podcasts means they are able to attract a large audience keen to repay the hosts for all the hitherto free entertainment,
easy access grants more attraction to podcasts of people looking for news sources or entertainment. Are there podcasts that aren't free?
(“We always talk about how Jim Davidson was the idea of who should be funny”) meant they “had no idea we could access that space”, says Pabani.View image in fullscreenLet’s talk about sex … Poppy Jay and Rubina Pubani’s Brown Girls Do It Too.In short, were it not for podcasts, there is no way the pair would have found themselves professionally engaged in the business of making people laugh.
before podcasting became popular, people had a certain stereotype on comedians regarding how they looked and acted. Podcasting brought to light that anyone with the materials could join in comedic conversation.
meal plans for students often include both dining hall access and some form of a declining balance funds system. These options allow students to choose between eating their meals at the dining hall and purchasing meals or individual food and beverage items at on-campus fast-food restaurants.
You either have to eat a somewhat balanced meal or fast food all the time for a quick option.
more and more university operation systems leave an electronic record, there are a number of food environment research opportunities available. Other universities are encouraged to develop databases similar to the UNC Charlotte Integrated Food Sales database to study the impact of environmental, policy, operations, and demographic changes on dietary choice.
call to action- with the electronic transaction systems, there should be no excuse not to do research for better dietary options
Students report that there is a lack of tasty, healthy, affordable foods available
Students agree that healthier food options should be available on campus. What food places could replace the fast food establishments?
having lower socioeconomic status
Fast food being on campus is a quick and cheaper way to eat for people in the lower class.
Poor dietary behaviors among college students are associated with lower academic achievement [9,19], poorer resilience [10], higher psychological distress
Fast food leads to a numerous amount of unhealthy characteristics. Would the restaurants being off campus change their diets?
The college food environment allows students to determine their own food choices for possibly the first time in their lives as they choose where, when, and what to eat.
Possible argument for why college campuses should have fast food places. It gives student's a sense of independence. Does the location of the restaurant being on vs. off campus change their sense of independence?
laying video games is inversely associated with emotional and social health, triggering psychological and behavioral problems15,79 that may have implications for overall academic outcomes. Conversely, because playing video games requires interaction with the task, it could also be positively associated with academic outcomes depending on the game content
Video games can be both negative and positive. Negative because the screen time can cause behavioral issues. Positive because it could aid in the student's skillset to complete academic tasks.
ducation and public health professionals should consider supervision and reduction as strategies for television viewing and video game playing to improve both the health status and academic performance of children and adolescents exposed to these activities
While the data is not mainly negative, it is advised that screen time should be reduced to avoid a decrease in academic performance.
ssociation of internet, computer, and mobile phone use with academic performance in children and adolescents. These associations seem to be complex and may be moderated and/or mediated by potential factors, such as purpose, content, and context of screen media use.
Is it hard to be accurate in research like this considering the fact that everyone uses technology differently?
duration of mobile phone use has been poorly investigated, suggesting a lack of association with academic performance.
Why has it been poorly investigated? How could we find evidence for research purpose?
excessive television viewing time among children has been shown to decrease attention and cognitive functioning78 and to increase behavioral problems and unhealthy eating habits,67 which may also impair academic outcomes.
displays cause and effects of only watching tv
Previous research has suggested that television viewing replaces other activities such as physical activity, verbal interaction, studying, or sleeping (ie, the time-displacement hypothesis)6 and reduces mental effort (ie, the passivity hypothesis), which might affect school performance.6
Explains how screen time could effect students by prioritizing it over healthier habits.
The lack of association between the overall time spent on screen-based activities and academic performance does not concur with previous research reporting a negative association between overall screen media time and academic performance.
restates the argument associated with the levels of screentime.
Kim et al45 found a negative association between internet surfing for entertainment purposes and academic performance, but a positive association was found when the internet was used for educational activities.
Does spending too much time on the internet, even if it's for educational purposes, have negative effects on academic performance?
positive association of screen media with academic performance when adolescents spent from 2 to 4 hours on screen-based activities, but a negative association was found when they spent 7 or more hours per day.
Negative effects happen at higher amounts of screen time. Does the amount of time correlate to the content?
However, studies into the association between screen media use and academic performance have shown controversial results, reporting not only negative6,7,8,9 but also positive10,11 and null associations.12,13
Inconclusive argument. In what context are these results varying? What research or experiments are being conducted?
In the United States, there are laws that explain the rights and responsibilities of parents and children
supports my argument- these laws only protect the kids from the aftermath. A test would prevent harm against children from parents.
Reach out to families, friends, and professionals for support
help is available!
Parents cannot force their children to marry against their will
this is a good reason to also have checks done on a child's home life at a certain age so this doesn't happen
18 states require everyone to report child abuse and neglect.
more states should require this. Why don't they?
Parents who have substance abuse problems
background checks should be conducted as well
All states have laws protecting children from four main types of maltreatment. Physical abuse is any act that results in a serious physical injury, such as hitting, punching, kicking, and throwing Emotional abuse is any acts causing emotional harm, such as insulting, making fun of, shaming, and threatening Sexual abuse is any forced sexual activity, inappropriate touching, or showing inappropriate photos or videos Neglect is failure to provide basic necessities, including food, shelter, medical care, education, and supervision
Main argument on why children should be required to pass a test to prevent the abuse of children
Parents and caregivers are legally responsible for providing for their children until they become adults. In most states, children legally become adults at 18 years old.
Until children are of legal age it is the parents responsibility by law to care for and support their children
warning them about content that may be distressing is a pedagogical practice that aligns with the principles of Universal Design for Learning.
supports main idea that trigger warnings are necessary in the support of students
students are real people with feelings and unique experiences—thus, they may be triggered by difficult content in our classes.
supporting reason- Shows reasoning behind using disclaimers to avoid triggers and gives a different perspective to those without trauma
a series of studies out of Harvard have shown that trigger warnings have little to no effect on trauma survivors;
Counter argument- could be argued that based on the studies, disclaimers aren't valid or useful. If studies show it's not useful, why include them in literature?
n the early 2010s trigger warnings began to migrate from online spaces to college classrooms
it is clearly a big enough issue that it is being incorporated into educational materials
topics like sexual assault, child abuse, and suicide
common triggers
The content we teach speaks broadly to traumatic events,They have survived similar trauma in their lives, and/orWe are teaching the content in a way that is traumatizing or re-traumatizing for students.
examples of what could cause triggers
Retraumatization happens when a past trauma is triggered or reactivated.
A term used to help the reader understand that victims of a traumatic situation shouldn't have to live through it again without warning
Recent research has shown that trigger warnings may not work quite the way we hope they do.
counter argument- shows unsupportive evidence
esearch into the impact of trigger warnings is still evolving, we should proceed with caution
better safe than sorry
As the trigger warning migrated to university spaces, it transformed from warning readers about upsetting content so they could skip a post to warning students so they could safely engage with course content
It is clearly a big enough issue to be incorporated in education materials