Angelina Grimke sounded very forward here. She appeared very outspoken, which personally I enjoy that trait very much, and because of that I am curious if this trait was acceptable back in her day especially that her targeted audiences were from the south. Even in today's climate, women seem to be able to voice more freely, but traditions still limit us from being as outspoken. In 2020, females in work force are still being paid less than men despite the same qualifications. I cannot imagine that the subject of Angelina Grimke's gender was not used to attack her at all. I am curious to see the responses from the people from that period.

Without reading further than this first explanation paragraph of the article, the subject of change over time came to my mind. How unfortunate is it that equality among all races and genders had only improved so much 184 years later? This country was initially viewed as progressive, that the people here were not limited by traditions and cultural rules. After just couple hundred years, we developed our own social acceptance that, just like others, limits us from being as progressive as we could have been. I'm excited to read further to see what Angelina Grimke has to say during her time.

I believe that when Nat Turner ran away and stayed in the wood for thirty days, he felt guilty for leaving his people behind to suffer. His unconscious guilt represented itself in a form of spirits whom came to him and advised him to return to help his people. Also, as I stated in my previous replies that using religious beliefs to explain his crimes could possibly make him feel that they were justifiable. However, just because it may seem that it is justifiable to him, it also could indicate that he was aware that this murders were wrong hence the need to justify them.

I believe that when Nat Turner ran away and stayed in the wood for thirty days, he felt guilty for leaving his people behind to suffer. His unconscious guilt represented itself in a form of spirits whom came to him and advised him to return to help his people. Also, as I stated in my previous replies that using religious beliefs to explain his crimes could possibly make him feel that they were justifiable. However, just because it may seem that it is justifiable to him, it also could indicate that he was aware that this murders were wrong hence the need to justify them.

To say that it's an act of god indicated two possibilities; one it means that Nat Turner was delusional, which can be a symptom of schizophrenia, or two he was deflecting blames to lighten the guilt of his action. The real question I wonder, if he was at all feeling ashamed of his actions.

     Religions are meant to instill morality into people’s mindset. Understanding the basic concept of morality may facilitate in analyzing this piece of the excerpt of the sermon. In this section, Jonathan Edwards used punishment to convince people to convert. He described how angry god is for our sins, and later he described the risk of us being thrown into the hell fire for eternity unless we repented. If you recall in Philosophy class, Kohlberg’s 3 stages of moral concept ranging from pre-convention, convention, and post-convention. The first stage is what Jonathan Edwards used here, in this stage it claimed that people abide by rules due to fear of punishment. The second stage, Kohlberg believes that, people abide by rules to conform to society or to be accepted. The last stage, the most advanced stage that most people do not reach, claimed that people choose to practice morality based on their personal abstract principles. 

     It is challenging to objectively determine that converting or repenting makes a person ‘good’, or not doing so means a person is sinful. It is, however, part of the main goal the Europeans initially intended to do to spread the words of god. Edwards worked towards this goal by using fear of punishment, the least complex level of the moral concept, to gain the cooperation of the community. The fact that this piece of the sermon was well known and accepted by the society during its time led me to believe that the rise in Christianity was occurring during the 18th century.