Gender & Peers
will be on exam
18 Matching Annotations
- Apr 2025
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kpu.pressbooks.pub kpu.pressbooks.pub
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Age & Peers
will be on exam
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Positive reinforcement: reinforcements that reward behaviour, such as money, status from friends, and good feelings, that will increase the likelihood that an action is taken. Positive punishment: the presentation of a negative or aversive consequence, such as getting arrested, injured, or caught, after a behaviour is exhibited to decrease the likelihood it will happen again. Negative reinforcement: reinforcements that help a person avoid the negative consequences of a behaviour, such as avoiding getting caught, arrested, or facing disappointment from others, that will increase the likelihood that an action is taken. Negative punishment: the removal of a positive reinforcement or stimulus after an undesired behaviour occurs to decrease the likelihood a person will engage in the behaviour again. For instance, if a child gets into a fight with a friend their parent may take away their cell phone, cut off their Netflix access, or remove other privileges.
will be on the exam
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Cultural Goals Norms/Rules
understand the chart and the strain theory
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the theory states that in society there's more emphasis on the goal (usually money) rather than the means to go and do it
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will be open ended questions about strain theory
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The Chicago School
will be on exam
- understanding the makeup of societies and the city that you're in
- understand the ecological approach and social disorganization (what it means and how it connects to crime)
- when you have people coming and going so fast, it allows for things to happen (social disorganization)
- in socially disconnected communities, if someone witnesses a crime, they may keep their mouth shut
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8.1 Crime and Social Norms
know a norm vs. a crime
example: norms: greeting people when entering a home, holding the door for others, walking on the left side of a sidewalk . not doing these wouldn't lead to imprisonment
crimes shift, crime is relative
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Safety
understand these 6 principles pop trauma informed care practices. will be on exam
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Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE)
will be on exam have general understanding of what it looks like
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- Mar 2025
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kpu.pressbooks.pub kpu.pressbooks.pub
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When rating themselves, parents will often respond in a socially desirable way, intentionally or not.
what are other ways to collect this data that isn't invasive, but can produce the true ratings?
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If a parent gives in to escalating demands from their child, the child learns that they will get what they want if they intensify their anger and resistance
like how Allison in Pretty Little Liars would intentionally hold her breath until her mother gave in to her demands.
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Rejecting-neglecting parenting is most linked to violent behaviour
I feel like I don't fit this because in some parts of my childhood I was neglected (emotionally) and I don't have a history of violent behavior or have those urges.
What kind of neglect are they linking this behavior to?
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authoritative style fosters higher levels of self-control, which is a protective factor against criminal behaviour.
I feel like when I hear opeoplema=talk about how strict their parents were when they were growing up, it only made them rebel more.
like I think of the "pastor's daughter" or the "pastor's son", they were usually the kids that did risky things
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focus is the assumption that people behave consistently across time and situations, and this consistency allows us to predict future behaviour, including criminal behaviour
this reminds me of product management. so say there's a pm at TikTok that notices a decline in engagement and they propose adding this new feature to drive engagement.
a way to measure this would to look at how many people actually use it and the user behaviors to get them to do it. once they pinpoint the ideal behavior, they try to get other people to mimic it, so they might notify people there's a new feature they should use, incorporate pop-up ads, etc.
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16 main personality types
I understand why individuals are placed into different categories, but I feel like labeling people can leave out edge cases of personalities.
humans are forever changing and even when people have similar traits, no one is every copy and paste. so, is there a way to address this? like would it be better to combine theories together to better assess individuals?
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have received the most research attention and are considered major contributing factors in violent crime
could it be that since so much time and resources have been poured into identifying this specific trait within criminals and criminal behavior that they're considered the major factors?
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- Feb 2025
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Level-one sexual assault is the least serious and involves unwanted touching and/or fondling. Level two involves the use of weapons or some type of bodily harm (e.g., penetration). Level three is the most serious and involves long-term physical injuries, such as maiming, wounding, or disfigurement.
the different "levels' of SA
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from consensus (with all or most members of a group feeling the same way), the conflict perspective
This is a case of putting the businesses and corporations needs (conflict perspective) over that of people within the society that the law actually affects (consensus)
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Law is an historical and cultural product; that is to say, it is a social construct.
crime is a social construct because the definition of what a crime is changes depending on the time and place
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