- Nov 2024
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Firstly — Acknowledgment of the Sovereignty of the Crown of Great Britain and their Subjectionthereto
This passage demonstrates that the British are not interested in alliance building but rather in total subjugation of the Indigenous. Often with the French, we see their willingness to create alliances and mutual agreements with the Indigenous groups, but a common theme with the British is their desire to dominate. Once more we can see this theme.
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When We told the Indians of the Cessation who came in the Cannoe to acquaint us they hadkilled some English, they said they knew nothing of it, if they had, theywould not have done the Mischief
It appears that the British are categorizing the Indigenous as one large group, rather than making the distinction between the different nations. As we know, the Wabanaki were a confederacy, not one state, therefore they were still able to act under their own sovereign desires. These men may have been from a different nation, but it seems as though the British cannot make the distinction. This is a common theme throughout the course, as the Indigenous are referred to as "Indians", rather than by the name of their nation or people.
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That a Quantity of Bread, Flour, & such other Provisions as can be procured, necessary for theFamilys, and proportionable to the number of the said Indians, shall be given them half yearlyfor the time to come;
In HIST4P11, we noted the lack of Indigenous help towards the Acadians during the expulsion, especially considering that the two parties were extremely intertwined earlier in history. The British attitude changing in favour of positive relations with the Indigenous would certainly have diminished their willingness to engage in a conflict on the side of the French.
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irst day of October Yearly, so long as they shall Continue inFriendship, Receive Presents of Blankets, Tobacco, and some Powder & Shot;
Previously, we have seen that the British were reluctant to give gifts and other offerings to the Indigenous. As war with France was imminent, the British would certainly have wished to ameliorate relations with the Indigenous as to appease them into not joining the war on behalf of the French at the very minimum.
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and that the said Indians shall have all favour, Friendship & Protection shewn themfrom this His Majesty's Government
In the 1725 treaty text, we see that the Indigenous ask for fair treatment under British judicial systems as a condition of their submission. Here we can see that the British are "promising" to treat the Indigenous with favour, friendship and protection, in attempts to secure a treaty and end the conflict.
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That all the Captives taken in this present War shall at or before the time of the furtherRatification of this Treaty be Restored without any Ransom or Payment to be made for them orany of them
One reason for which the Wabanaki entered the conflict was due to the British withholding hostages/captives even after payments were made. In agreeing to free the captives, the British rescind on their previous actions, showing that the Wabanaki certainly did have influence in negotiations.
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That all Trade and Commerce which hereafter may be allowed betwixt the English and Indiansshall be under Management and Regulation, as the government of the Massachusetts Provinceshall direc
This shows that the British indeed had the upper-hand while negotiations took place. It is on their terms and under their supervision that trade would take place, which would naturally be a disadvantage for the Wabanaki as settler regulations and oversight would always be in their own favour
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Wesubmitting Ourselves to be Ruled and Governed by His Majesties Laws and desiring to have thebenefit of the same
Here we can see that the Wabanaki are willing to submit to British authorities, but by saying "desiring to have the benefit of the same", they wish to be treated under English law, and as actual citizens, rather than foreigners living within the British colonies. It seems as though fair treatment is a condition of their submission.
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- Oct 2024
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I sent him before me, took up myBurden of Wood, & came to the Indians and told them the whole Truth; and theycommended me:
It is evident that the Indigenous did not wish to kill John, as they commended him for defending himself against the attack. Earlier in the text, we can also see that they aided him in minimizing the damage to his frostbitten leg, and provided him with snowshoes to use in the heavy snowfall. These all demonstrate that although he was a prisoner, John was still being taken care of to a reasonable extent.
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It was late in the Evening wearrived at the Place where the Moose lay: so that we had no time to provideMaterials for Fire or Shelter.
This excerpt shows the non-sedentary lifestyle of the Indigenous. Rather than set up a settlement, they were setting up camp wherever they made a kill, as we can see here. In both articles, travel is a major theme, showing that Indigenous groups kept captives with them while traveling, as they did not possess dungeons or prisons in which to keep prisoners.
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now & then gave me apiece of Flesh half boil'd or roasted,
It is interesting that the captors only let John eat once he has done certain tasks (supply them with wood and water), whereas Mary was given broth without conducting any tasks. This could be due to gender differences, as keeping John weak to prevent him from revolting would have been a possible strategy.
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, they marched on furiously, with their old and young: Some carried their olddecrepit mothers, some carried one, and some another. Four of them carried a great Indianupon a Bier; but going through a thick Wood with him, they were hindred, andcould make no hast; whereupon they took him upon their backs, and carried himone at a time
This passage shows us the close knit nature of Indigenous societies, as no man or woman was left behind. When they were unable to carry the bier through the thick woods, they took turns carrying the man through the woods, rather than just leaving him.
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