News broadcasting companies, such as MSNBC, Fox, etc. choose what news to report on and what to ignore, which shapes what we view as important.
broadcasting companies and media companies purposefully have an agenda of misinformation they want the mainstream population to be swayed by and in essence brainwashed
In a recent analysis, researchers found that during the COVID-19 pandemic, the disposition to spread false information or rumors is directly linked to the development of anxiety in a variety of of different age populations (Rocha, de Moura, Desidério, et al., 2021).
the covid pandemic caused a good spread of misinformation in the online world. Almost as if it was psychological warfare
The interaction model of communication
a process where participants switch positions from sender and receiver, sending and receiving feedback through physical/psychological context
The transmission model of communication
communication is a linear one way process where sender transmits message to receiver
Decoding
process of turning communication into thought.
encoder should also take into account
noise that may interfere with message (i.e other messages, distractions, influences)
Encoding
process of turning thought into communication. Uses a medium to send message.
The encoder is the person who develops and sends the message
The encoder has responsibility of determining how to send the message and consider how it will be received by audience. They make adjustments so that the message us received they way they want it to be received.
You may want to encourage employees to come to you if they're encountering challenges related to cultural differences
Be open with employees in trusting to communicate about issues to you. Hear everone out so you can see all perspectives and work through conflict.
While employees generally know the importance of good manners,
Good manners are interpreted at different levels depending on background of culture
encourage employees to conduct self-assessments of their own behavior
Helps them improve weaknesses they become self aware of
Providing employees with information to help them better understand cultural differences is critical for effective work and team performanc
You can hold training classes to practicw and cover topics like different communication styles, negotiation, business etiquette and marketing
Assess the current level of cultural competence in yourself or among company staff and identify the knowledge, skills and resources that you want to acquire. This can give you an idea of your strengths and weaknesses in the area
Create a game plan to improve culture; for example training programs
Thinking and caring about team members with different experiences can trigger a sense of empathy and flexibility.
empathy plus flexibility makes us more adaptable and productive in working together
Active listening and clear communication are requirements for successful communication across cultures.
Have grewat active listening skills plus being able to clearly express ideas/thoughts. Better listeners create better communicators
increase creativity in problem-solving as a result of the new perspectives and strategies
they are able to resolve problems no matter the difficulty; may become inspired
When people from different cultures are working together, they often have more ideas
Having more variety of ideas helps solve problems efficiently and creatively.
typically more open to the views and perspectives of others.
This increases performance with collaboration/unity
vital skill for communicating and collaborating successfully at work.
this skill can help give you higher efficiency levels and productivity and has multiple benefits
Cultural competence is the ability to communicate effectively and interact with people across cultures through positive behaviors, attitudes and policies
Cultural competence means you can communicate with others in a positive attitude and manner across many cultures
Tone
The feeling you convey through choice of words
Determine how the format will influence your approach to writing.
consider how your format will affecg your message is portrayed.
Consider how you arrange your ideas to most effectively convey your message to your specific audience
Think about how to arrange your points depending on the specific audience you're trying to reach.
type of research you conduct should be consistent with the knowledge level of your audience as well.
consider the type of research you will use depending on what type of audience you are trying to reach.
helpful to make an outline of key points
A tip is to create an outline of key points before writing.
how much information you need to convey to your audience to achieve your intended purpose
Determine how much info is needed to convey message/purpose
determine your purpose, the format, the demographics, and expertise level of your audience,
determine on these first, then you can review the tone, vocab, level of formality so you can best convey your message
guide your use of vocabulary, such as industry-specific jargon, as well as how detailed your explanation of the topic should be.
The expert level of the audience determines the use of your diction and vocab
Consider the background of your audience, including age, social class, gender, ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, nationality, etc
Consider these, they can effect way you communicate message
Considering the context of the writing and the rhetorical situation
These both are important when writing effectively for audience
your purpose and keep it in the forefront of your mind as you compose your message.
keep in mind to remind yourself about your main purpose of text
ask yourself these questions:
does it answer prompt and support my thesis? Did I avoid using quotes/paraphrase in beginning and end? Moreso integrating my research into my writing Do I have appropriate academic voice, making sense?
oncluding sentences have two crucial roles in paragraph writing
Draw together info presented to elaborate controlling idea by summarizing points made, repeating words/phrases from topic sentence, and using linking words to indicate conclusion.
link current paragraph to following. Anticipate topic sentence of paragraph by introducing word/phrase of new concept, which'll be picked up in next paragraph. Also, using words/phrases thart point ahead.
add a concluding sentence.
They link one paragraph to the next, unifying. consider if appropriate.
Ask yoursel
what does the info/evidence mean as you see it? How does it relate to/support my overall point, argument, thesis?
mportant step to adding your own academic voice
explanation adds own voice and integrates research than letting it take over your paper
dding transitional or introductory phrases
Help direct and guide reader
provide evidence to support, demonstrate, clarify, and/or exemplify your point. Ask yourself:
What examples can support my point? What info can I provide to clarify? How can I support the point w/ data, experiences, or other evidence? What info's necessary to see my point?
The controlling idea
Focuses the topic by providing direction
The topic
The main subject matter or idea covered in the paragraph
one main idea or topic, which is often explicitly stated in a topic sentence
Topic sentences should also contain a topic and controlling idea for it to be stable
controlling idea.
This concept is what you want to say about a certain topic
explanation ensures you integrate your research and include your own academic work as well.
Ask yourself, What does the provided info mean? How does it relate to your overall argument? Why i this info important/significant?
explanation is the writer’s analysis, elaboration, evaluation, or interpretation of the point and information given
This is what connects the info with the point and the thesis.
provide information in the form of evidence to support your topic sentence.
I.E. forms of evidence: Facts/details/reasons/examples, Stats/polls/percentages/data from research studies, info from credible research/course readings, Expert opinions/analysis fro experts on topic, Personal experience/stories from your life or others (mostly for reflective, than argumentative)
the point is the topic sentence.
Consider asking yourself: What is the point of the paragraph? What claim is being made? What will this paragraph prove or discuss?
P.I.E. paragraph structure
P = Point I = Information E = Explanation
get into a habit of writing as you read.
writing while reading improves it
questioning and expanding
Question the material you read and learn to expand on the ideas, theories, concepts, etc
You make your mark on the book and it makes its mark on you.
Reading should be a back and forth flow of interaction with the material
critical reading.
center skill of writing/research
eading may vary from person to person
based on the type of previous experiences they've had with various different material
you don’t read all these texts in the same way. You read them with different purposes and using different reading strategies and techniques
The way we read depends on the content
influenced by ideas, theories, and stories that come from reading.
This is what writing is based on
when we read, we “consume” texts, and when we write, we “produce” texts
reading=consuming, writing=producing for somone who only intakes info and doesn't engage w author's conversation of topic.
by trying to connect them to their cultural and social contexts and to understand their meaning.
Reading sources for your research can include other mediums like interviews, recordings, surveys, and photographs. Still being used to connect the pieces of context puzzle.
Before starting the assignment, always writesome notes down to help you get started
Brainstorm notes about your assignment to get you started
Start your assignment as soon as possible and leaveyourself plenty of time to plan for the unexpected
Start early, anything can happen throughout the process
Maybe you wait because you’ve always beenable to put together a decent paper the night before it’s due.
I'm guilty of this bad habit
when you understand an instructor’s expectations foran assignment, you also understand the skills being assessed
You get a clarity of what the instructor is looking for in the assignment; communication goes a long way