13 Matching Annotations
  1. Jan 2026
    1. But such an approach ignores the fact that crime is a public issue, as structural factors such as inequality and the physical characteristics of communities contribute to high crime rates among certain groups in American society.

      In my opinion, America is so expensive now that even basic rent is hard to afford compared to people’s salary. If the monthly salary was at least three times higher than the rent, maybe people could actually survive, but right now after paying rent you still have to buy food and pay gas, internet, and electricity, so many people really cannot afford it. People are just working so hard every single day just to survive, repeating the same struggle until they cannot make it anymore, and sometimes that pressure pushes them into decisions they never really wanted to make.

    2. In recognizing the importance of social structure, sociology stresses that individual problems are often rooted in problems stemming from the horizontal and vertical social structures of society

      When people are very poor and just trying to survive, some end up doing crime, but rich people with good schools and connections don’t face that same survival pressure.

    3. People’s positions in society’s hierarchy in turn often have profound consequences for their attitudes, behaviors, and life chances, both for themselves and for their children.

      This part is a really big deal for me, because as a child if your parents have good education and a stable salary, they don’t struggle with money and their kids usually get good connections, good schools, and higher knowledge. But if you grow up with no money like me, you don’t start with those advantages, and your life chances depend a lot on how hard you work and any small connections you can build.

    4. Respondents aged 65 or older were actually slightly more likely than those younger than 65 to say they were very happy! About 33% of older respondents reported feeling this way, compared with only 28% of younger respondents

      In my opinion, many older people are actually happy because they already experienced life. They experienced joy, they saw what they wanted to see, and they watched the world and their places change over time. Some of them might feel sad because they think they did not achieve enough, but they still experienced life and they saw what they had to see.

    5. All of these problems indicate that older people should be less happy than younger people. If a sociologist did some research and then reported that older people are indeed less happy than younger people, what have we learned?

      I only believe something when there is a hypothesis tested many times and the prediction comes true. Many old people get sick and struggle because they did not take care of themselves when they were young and used different things that made their bodies weak. My point is we can’t just keep predicting things. If we keep predicting, it’s just assuming about things we’re not really sure of yet.

    6. If you relied on your personal experience to understand the typical American marriage, you would conclude that most marriages were as good as your parents’ marriage, which, unfortunately, also is not true. Many other examples could be cited here, but the basic point should be clear: although personal experience is better than nothing, it often offers only a very limited understanding of social reality other than our own.

      I’m not American, I’m Filipino. I used to think a lot of Filipino families are good families, because no matter how hard life is and how poor it is, they stick together. Even if there is a lot of fighting, yelling, shouting, they still stay together. I felt so proud that my mom and dad are still married. But these days I found out the true story, that my dad is not perfect, and the story I knew in the past is getting destroyed by learning what the real story or real picture is.

    7. I already know a lot about people. I could have told you that young people voted for Obama. I already had heard that men have a higher suicide rate than women. Maybe our social backgrounds do influence us in ways I had not realized, but what beyond that does sociology have to tell me?”

      As for me, I cannot say to someone that I know about them when in reality I don’t. I can judge, but I cannot say I really know, because that is a big deal. I never put my shoes in their shoes, so how can I say I know?

    8. Sociology can help us understand the social forces that affect our behavior, beliefs, and life chances, but it can only go so far. That limitation conceded, sociological understanding can still go fairly far toward such an understanding, and it can help us comprehend who we are and what we are by helping us first understand the profound yet often subtle influence of our social backgrounds on so many things about us.

      When I first got here in America, there were certain things I believed because of my social background. My husband had a therapist, so I joined his therapy. At first, I just listened to other people’s problems and issues, until the therapist asked me about my own feelings about my family. I had a lot of beliefs like ‘my family is great,’ but when he asked me, I felt doomed because I didn’t know what to say and I didn’t even know the definition of feelings. As we kept working, I started to see the reality. I saw the true color, the true image of my past. I realized I have a lot of trauma, but at least now I can face it. I can see it is there, instead of lying to myself that it is not there. I know it’s not perfect and I still have a lot of issues and a lot of scramble in my life, but at least I can work on it now.

    9. Many people will not fit the pattern of such a generalization, because people are shaped but not totally determined by their social environment.

      Yes, of course people have their own thoughts and their own mind. They get influenced by what they see, what they hear, and the people around them, but they still have their own mindset. They still have their own feelings and judgment about what’s going on around them, so they don’t always follow the pattern.

    1. For another example, take the right to vote. The secret ballot is one of the most cherished principles of American democracy. We vote in secret so that our choice of a candidate is made freely and without fear of punishment. That is all true, but it is also possible to predict the candidate for whom any one individual will vote if enough is known about the individual. Again, our choice (in this case, our choice of a candidate) is affected by many aspects of our social backgrounds and, in this sense, is not made as freely as we might think.

      This paragraph makes me sad. It shows that our social background controls us more than we know. We think we are free, but our family, country, and class already push us toward certain choices. I feel like People who travel to other countries are lucky, because they can see many different ways of living and thinking.

    2. If so, the choice of a mate is not as free as we might like to think it is.

      I agree, People often think they’re freely choosing a partner, but they pick based on looks, money, or other outside traits instead of the person’s real personality. It’s like buying a bag because it’s cute but not thinking if it’s functional

    3. The author can also predict the kind of person any one heterosexual reader will marry. If the reader is a woman, she will marry a man of her race who is somewhat older and taller and who is from her social class. If the reader is a man, he will marry a woman of his race who is somewhat younger and shorter and who is from his social class. A reader will even marry someone who is similar in appearance. A reader who is good-looking will marry someone who is also good-looking; a reader with more ordinary looks will marry someone who also fits that description; and a reader who is somewhere between good-looking and ordinary-looking will marry someone who also falls in the middle of the spectrum. Naturally, these predictions will prove wrong for some readers. However, when one takes into account all the attributes listed (race, height, age, social class, appearance), the predictions will be right much more often than they are wrong, because people in the United States do in fact tend to choose mates fitting these general descriptions

      I do not fully agree with this paragraph. The author talks like they can predict who a person will marry, but every person has different thoughts, experiences, and choices. People read many different books and meet many different people, so their partner cannot be predicted just from statistics. Marriage is a personal decision, not only a social pattern.

    4. And yet perhaps we have less freedom than we think. Although we have the right to choose how to believe and act, many of our choices are affected by our society, culture, and social institutions in ways we do not even realize

      I agree. America has many opportunities, but our freedom is limited by social and economic pressure. If you don’t have money or don’t work hard, you can end up homeless, and the system doesn’t always protect you. That means our choices are not as free as they look.