ad hominem: personal attack in which an author criticizes a prominent person who holds opposing views without considering whether the criticism is relevant to the issue.
This unfortunately reminds me of presidential debates, where candidates insult each other to make their opposition look bad (if often makes the ad hominem user look bad instead).
Mythos (appeal to narratives of cultural heritage or social membership),
While convincing, it is important to not rely on appealing to tradition since declaring that something is good or bad because "it is a tradition" is a logical fallacy.
begging the question: A complicated fallacy, an argument that begs the question asks the reader to simply accept the conclusion without providing real evidence. The argument either relies on a premise that says the same thing as the conclusion (which you might hear referred to as “being circular” or “circular reasoning”) or simply ignores an important (but questionable) assumption that the argument rests on.
An example of this is saying "You should go to bed because it's your bedtime." The reasoning "it's your bedtime" doesn't actually explain WHY you should go to bed and instead essentially restates the same thing as the original suggestion to go to bed.
Second, the two ethnic groups are sets that do not overlap; nevertheless, the two groups are confounded because they (largely) share one quality in common.
Fallacies like this are similar to the concept of how a square is a rectangle, but a rectangle isn't a square. Just because entity A fits the requirements of entity B doesn't mean that A and B are the same.
In Antigone, Sophocles dumps on confidence In The History, Thucydides dumps on confidence In The Bacchae, Euripides dumps on confidence Consequent: All Ancient Greeks thought confidence was bad.
This in itself is a logical fallacy. The antecedent contains three examples and uses them to make an incorrect generalization about ALL Ancient Greeks.