I now totally lost the small remains of comfort I had enjoyed in conversing with my countrymen; the women too, who used to wash and take care of me, were all gone different ways, and I never saw one of them afterwards.
This journey was hard as a slave, everyone was forced to different directions.
I have already acquainted the reader with the time and place of my birth.
Was born in igbo, Nigeria in west africa.
We compute the year from the day on which the sun crosses the line,
This used to be true is Africa, since there was no more education, our great-grand parents use the day the sun draw crosses the line to count the days
and their principal beverage is palm wine
Palm wine is a honorable drink in every occasion, it is a drink from palm tree, the color is white
Before we taste food we always wash our hands:
All the foods listed here are all eaten with hands and the hands most be clean before you can start eating since you would be eating with others
The head of the family usually eats alone;
The head of the family are usually served separately from other and they eat alone. This is a symbol of respect.
The assembly is separated into four divisions,
The assembly of social dances used to be in four divisions in the past but things have changed. Presently, it depends on your relationship with people and the number influence that are present in the occasion of the marriage after the traditional marriage.
Some time after she is brought home to her husband, and then another feast is made, to which the relations of both parties are invited: her parents then deliver her to the bridegroom, accompanied with a number of blessings, and at the same time they tie round her waist a cotton string of the thickness of a goose-quill, which none but married women are permitted to wear:
This is a culture in Africa. It is referred to as Traditional Marriage ceremony where dowry is paid according to custom and tradition of the bride's family. The Father or the most eldest person of the bride's family accept the dowry from the family of the bridegroom.
and the bride and bridegroom stand up in the midst of all their friends,
Not only the friends are gathered during marriage, the family of both the bride and broom have to be in attendance to make sure everyone who the women belong to.
Adultery, however, was sometimes punished with slavery or death; a punishment which I believe is inflicted on it throughout most of the nations of Africa
In the past in Africa, Adultery used to be punishable by death but not anymore, people now have different ways of praising gods according to custom and belief.
I had seen it conferred on one of my brothers,
It happens often in Africa. It is a quality or a state of being exalted in some kind of deliberate ways.
chiefs
A ruler of people in a given community.
Benin
Benin is one of the West Africa countries, is a birthplace of the voodoo believers, it has border with Nigeria and Burkina Faso.
I begged his patience to hear me tell my story,
He needed to be listened to
conveniently
Looks like he's becoming more comfortable
an hundred and fifty of their beds, sewn together,
Why was the bed so big?
On each side of the gate was a small window, not above six inches from the ground; into that on the left side the king’s smith conveyed four score and eleven chains, like those that hang to a lady’s watch in Europe, and almost as large, which were locked to my left leg with six-and-thirty padlocks.
Oh, i know why they are referred to as enemies! It looks like he was arrested here.
by a very ridiculous accident;
This will be very surprising to him
that the number of my enemies increased,
Could them still be enemies after all these treatment? they even feed him with food, drink and meat to his satisfaction
When the people observed I was quiet,
This was a very smart move to be quite
We, therefore, trusted ourselves to the mercy of the waves;
This was so scaring, what a journey! anything could have happened or they could have died in the sea.
But the creatures ran off a second time, before I could seize them; whereupon there was a great shout in a very shrill accent, and after it ceased,
I guess the creatures weren't dangerous. They could have injured him while he was asleep tired for more than 9 hours
where I slept sounder than ever I remembered to have done in my life,
I can imagine how tired that could be! after all the shackles in the sea. However, he was lucky to get out of the sea to the grass where he was able to rest.
the storm was much abated.
Meaning the intensity of the storm was less and the force was reduced.
I determined to go again to sea.
I think this was a smart idea. Some people will do it the wrong way and follow friends to be dubious but he refers to start all over his career.
and by him I was recommended to several patients
Does this means he was recommended to patients as a surgeon when he studied physics?
the narrator has stayed at home for five months but is itching to sail the seas again;
The narrator is referred to Gulliver. He did not keep to his promise, he traveled again after the promise he gave to his mother.
monsoon
A seasonal prevailing wind in the region of south and southeast Asia, blowing from the southwest between May and September and brings rain or northeast between October and April
He is able to return home
What happened to the offence of treason that he committed before he was able to return home?
They take care of his needs but refuse to grant him freedom
What was this giant people keeping him for?
“insider” and “outsider’
Does the means he was treated as foreigner in Dublin when he became the Dean of St Patrick's cathedral?
upheaval
A big change which causes a lot of confusion or trouble that interrupted continuity in plans
Lilliputians
Lilliputians are community of people who are around six inches in average height, portrayals of giant counterparts, with all arrogance and sense of self-important associated with full-sized men typically greedy, violent, jealous, manipulative, conniving, selfish and untrustworthy people.
herself, and the infant yet unborn;
This happened during pregnancy. Imoinda was pregant at the moment.
You may imagine how welcome this news was to Oroonoko
Oroonoko was so happy and in love with Imoinda
she chanced to fall
Was this a love related that she almost fell from the carpet? they were both looking so chanting as they walk in the carpet.
enlivened
Enlivened - use to qualify Imoinda. She was so entertaining and interesting
otan
Otan was the place where the mother came from. This really can happen in real life where you have to satisfy the norms and traditions of both father and mother before marriage
and fly with her to some unknown world who never heard our story.
It was a painful death. He's lamenting over the death of his wife Imoinda
This prince, such as I have described him
referring to Oroonoko. He has very high dignity and well respected for his capabilities.
The King of Coramantien was himself a man of an hundred and odd years old, and had no son,
The king was so old. He was more than hundred years without a child despites he had many waives at the time. The odd is a number not divisible by 2. so, the king was probably 103, 105 or 107 or more years old
for all they took in battle were sold as slaves; at least those common men who could not ransom themselves.
Meaning all the captives in the war were sold as slave. These are those oppositions that could not rescued themselves during the war.
A war-captain is a man who has led them on to battle with conduct and success;
Not sure how many wars one can attend before becoming a war-captain.
called Surinam,
This country is officially know as republic of Suriname, it's located in northeastern Atlantic coast of South America, it's has borders with English guyana, Venezuela and Colombia.
I was myself an eye-witness to a great part of what you will find here set down; and what I could not be witness of, I received from the mouth of the chief actor in this history, the hero himself, who gave us the whole transactions of his youth:
Oroonoko can tell the history of everything that happened from the beginning to the end. He witnessed it all both what he was supposed to know and what he wasn't supposed to know.
Oroonoko is tortured and killed.
Was it a temptation for Oroonako to kill his lover? It's like he was betrayed! His strength left him after killing Imoinda who was his love and he was consequently killed when he has no strength to defend himself. It looks like he been targeted to be killed by the white slave owners.
Soon after Imoinda conceives a child
Imoinda is pregnant for Oroonoko, a grandson of the king who banished Imoinda from Caramantien for refusing the king to take advantage of her sexually.
prince
Son of a king in Coramantien
Monarchs
King or queen who is the sovereign head of state.
yet she is a plain and rational Writer
Does this means she was the best writer among all the ladies?
Emperor’s
Sovereign ruler of an empire with great power and rank to control the subjects.
Neither was it a wonder that the men did freeze to death;
The men were freeze to death: my question is that what why was the lady saved? Was she happy about the situation that she was been taken away from her dwelling?
and not being provided for so cold a Voyage
Risky journey for those men. They didn't prepared for the journey by getting themselves ready for the cold in the sea. they were cold during the journey.
for fear of some accidents
stealing her without approval could be scaring not knowing what to expect if he was appended on their way across the sea.
he could have but little hopes of obtaining his desire;
This happens in real life, since the merchant was new to the new world, he was certain how his love desire could be accomplished.
This present Description of a New World
I think things were completely different in this new world compare to where she coming from. After asking questions to know why why the sea is salty, why the sun is hot, the cause of wind and how is the snow in the community was made, she began to see things differently.
She decides to act as a peacemaker and organize an invasion with her “men” to defeat the enemies of her homeland.
Subjects look up to kings and queen when it comes to decision making in the community where king and queen are the head. They are also peacemakers in time of disputes, they can enact laws and make decrees for the community to follow.
the Duchess asserts that she too wants to be an Empress
The Duchess wants to be a female ruler just like her.
she uses her power to ensure that her newly endowed land is free of war, religious diversion, and unfair sexual discrimination
As a queen with higher authority, doing this is to get herself familiar in the new land and getting to know the people and the society
diverse society
Difference in social, political, ethical religion and traditional environment.
The Blazing World.
New world
aristocratic woman,
Member of aristocracy, government of the upper class, where the privileged upper class govern the people.
imposed
Jesus was innocent, pilate decided to cruxifier him for the fear he would over thrones
Letting their teares in your faire bosoms fall,
regret is always the repercussion of doing the wrong thing at all times. this is referring to the end part of their actions.
As fleeting worldly Ioyes that could not last: Or, as dimme shadowes of celestiall pleasures, Which are desir’d aboue all earthly treasures.
Good believe, the love for earthly possessions that does not last. For the trust and good deeds of God and treating the people the right than evil
Of faultlesse Iesus, who before him stands;
How Jesus Christ was brought before the palate for cruxification even he didn't committed any sin. Jesus did not wrong anyone and he was still crucified.
yea, euen when he was in his greatest agonie and bloodie sweat, going to be crucified,
She is referring how Jesus Christ still have mercy for mankind even when he was being crucified at the cross of carvery
Especially considering that they haue tempted euen the patience of God himselfe
God has patient for for us all. Everyone has tempted God out of imperfection
fall into so great an errour, as to speake vnaduisedly against the rest of their sexe
This is human, women speaks again themselves even in real life.
and in commendation of some particular persons of our owne sexe
Referring to the volume of recommended books she has written for the women in her kingdom
beare
She is willing to Makes her happy
A Womans writing of divinest things:
As a woman, writing about women was impressing and enjoyable
Renowned Empresse
A well known traditional ruler
Adam and Eve
This is referring to deception! how woman (Eve) deceived Adam in the garden of edam to eat the fruit from the forbidden tree. The eaten of the fruit brought awareness or sin to mankind
avid followers
I agree with her view point here. Women are more enthusiastic in following Christ even in real life.
social status.
This status is the highest hierarchy among the women (Queen). The wife of the king and they are well respected in the community. In most cases, people warship them in the palace.
To the Virtuous reader,”
This is referring to those with the perfect habit of reading.
feminist
This refer to a person who support equal rights for women
All sanctimonious ceremonies may
Prospero wants his daughter to still be a virgin before the wedding date, he hope that after the marriage rite before his daughter can break her Virginity
like a firebrand,
This to me referring light to used in stage directions to indicate the presence of torch-bearers who light the way for a group of characters at night
Claribel
Claribel is the daughter of the King of Naples. Her marriage was the indirect cause of the disasters which have happened to Alonso and his friends
Widow Dido!
Widow Dido" was the Queen of Carthage, who founded a empire which rivaled Rome, and who committed suicide when deserted by Aeneas, was indeed a widow when Aeneas arrived on her shores
This damn’d witch Sycorax,
Sycorax is a vicious and powerful witch and the mother of Caliban, one of the few native inhabitants of the island on which Prospero, the hero of the play, is stranded
Where was she born?
Does this means Prospero don't know much about Sycorax? Her name was Sycorax, she was born and banished from Argier. I thought she was the same person Prospero refers to as "blue-eyed hag"?
Exactly is perform’d; but there’s more work.
Prospero commended the journey and the work done so far but they have more to do.
Who having into truth, by telling of it, Made such a sinner of his memory,
Prospero is till disappointed at the manner of treatment that was given to him, he never really expected such in the past
perfidious
Prospero is referring to how his brother and the uncle was deceitful and untrustworthy.
I have done nothing but in care of thee,
Prospero still care for his people despite the atrocities they committed to him in the past
Had I been any god of power, I would Have sunk the sea within the earth, or ere It should the good ship so have swallow’d and The fraughting souls within her.
Miranda, the daughter of Prospero wished she has the power of God to revenge and make the ship they were travelling sink
The King and Prince at prayers! Let’s assist them,
Does this means they were scared?
BOATSWAIN
This is referring to a ship's officer in charge of ship and the crew.
Alonso, Sebastian, Antonio, Ferdinand, Gonzalo and others.
These are the people that boarded the boat.
rondel
A fixed form of verse based on two rhyme sounds and consisting usually of 14 lines in three stanzas in which the first two lines of the first stanza are repeated as the refrain of the second and third stanzas.
conjure
The performance of something supernatural by means of a magic incantation or spell.
incantations
This refers to a series of words said as a magic spell or charm.
And reign sole king of all the[28] provinces;
After possessing the powers from devil, he will be the most powerful king of all the provinces
EVIL ANGEL. Go forward, Faustus, in that famous art Wherein all Nature’s treasure[23] is contain’d: Be thou on earth as Jove[24] is in the sky, Lord and commander of these elements.[25] [Exeunt Angels.]
Devil is known for using his sinful lifestyle to deceiving Christians to fall into temptations. This is the same temptations Jesus Christ was tempted at the mountain during his fourty-days and fourty-night in the bible
GOOD ANGEL. O, Faustus, lay that damned book aside, And gaze not on it, lest it tempt thy soul, And heap God’s heavy wrath upon thy head! Read, read the Scriptures:–that is blasphemy.
For sure, it is blasphemy. The angel of God is trying to save his soul for condemnation, he was advice to read the bible at the time of trial.
deity
goddess
A sound magician is a mighty god:
This is like referring to the greatest of magical powers(god) to be nothing before the power of God Almighty. Jesus Christ has the ultimate power and it's supersede all magical powers.
what a world of profit and delight
All the earthly possessions from the devil Faustus are interested in for twenty-four years.
necromancy
This refers to as the practice of using magical powers communicating with the dead, mostly used to predict the future.
falling to a devilish exercise,
Love for power and wealth make Faustus falls into the temptations of the devil.
The good angel warns him not to sign his life over because he needs to think of heavenly things and the evil angel convinces him that he needs to sign his soul and his body over because of honour, wealth and all the good things in life.
This is where the soul and the spirit set in. The angel of God will eventually intersect the decision of the devil while the devil will keep pushing you into temptations. The good angel was for God and the bad angel was for the devil.
However, after the allotted time, Faustus will be expected to pay Lucifer back by giving up his soul and continuing to live the rest of his life in eternal damnation.
Devil power is not everlasting, he does not give anything for free! He will always make you pay double for whatever received from the devil.
Doctor Faustus allows his new keenness towards magic and his natural curiosity to lead him into conjuring a demon named Mephistophilis who listens to Doctor Faustus’ wants and wishes
Occultic initiation where you name your wishes to the devil. They use magical powers to call upon spirit to appear to hear their wishes.
enslaved
To enslave someone is to compare that person to work for, to obey commands, and to forcefully lose his or her freedom. He will be subjected to the wish of the Devil.
Faust
This is when a magician and alchemist desperately sells his soul to the devil in exchange for power and knowledge.
old testament
This is the first part of the Christian biblical canon, which is based primarily upon the twenty-four books of the Hebrew Bible
wickedness
The quality of being evil or morally wrong.
sacrifice
This is refer to an act of slaughtering an animal or person or surrendering a possession as an offering to God or to a divine or supernatural figure.
Confession. I know your sorrow well, Everyman; Because with Knowledge ye come to me, I will you comfort as well as I can,
The Bible says “ come ye all to me, all ye that labor I will give ye rest.” This is possible When you confess your sin and accept Christ Jesus as your Lord and savior
Everyman. O glorious fountain that all uncleanness doth clarify, Wash from me the spots of vices unclean, That on me no sin may be seen;
Prayer to God for forgiveness of sins and asking that God washes unclean vices in him.
kneel down and ask mercy, For he is in good conceit with God almighty.
Confession of sins for wrongdoing, anyone can kneel down and ask God for forgiveness of sins
In the house of salvation: We shall find him in that place, That shall us comfort by God’s grace.
This happens in real life, it can only happen when there is no sin in mankind. When you accept Christ Jesus as your personal Lord and savor and being born again, salvation is yours.
Now go we together lovingly, To Confession, that cleansing river.
I love this! It’s like when a devoted Christian accept Christ and get ready for water baptism
In good condition I am now in every thing,
Change has occurred. Accepting repentance, no more sinful life
How should I be merry or glad? For fair promises to me make, But when I have most need, they me forsake. I am deceived; that maketh me sad.
Expresses disappointment how he was at the time of need. The people forgot him when he needed them most
Death, I pray thee, for God’s mercy, Spare me till I be provided of remedy.
Praying for repentance and forgiveness of sins before death
Death. I am Death, that no man dreadeth
Death is inevitable and it can come at anytime.
I hoped well that Everyman In my glory should make his mansion,
God hope is that everyone that believe in him Would not perish but he rite his kingdom. His kingdom is refers to as evaluating life where no man will win no more .
I see the more that I them forbear The worse they be from year to year;
People live a sinful life that isn’t pleasant to God. Human are getting worse by the year and living unworthy life
To get them life I suffered to be dead; I healed their feet, with thorns hurt was my head:
This is about crucifixion of Jesus Christ. How Jesus died on the cross for the sins of mankind.
For ye shall hear, how our heaven king Calleth Everyman to a general reckoning: Give audience, and hear what he doth say.
On judgement day, everyone to give account on how he or she lives on earth. The bible says “ye shall be judged: and with what measure ye mete, it shall be measured to you again”.
Here shall you see how Fellowship and Jollity, Both Strength, Pleasure, and Beauty, Will fade from thee as flower in May.
Vanity upon vanity! When sin causes someone to die, friendship, beauty, and every other earthly and worldly things will be meaningless.
Ye think sin in the beginning full sweet, Which in the end causeth thy soul to weep, When the body lieth in clay.
How sin kills the soul, and it destroys the body. Every sin a person commits is outside of the body but the immoral person sins against his own body.
HERE BEGINNETH A TREATISE HOW THE HIGH FATHER OF HEAVEN SENDETH DEATH TO SUMMON EVERY CREATURE TO COME AND GIVE ACCOUNT OF THEIR LIVES IN THIS WORLD AND IS IN MANNER OF A MORAL PLAY.
Judgement after death! How Everyone will give account of how they live their life on earth to God after death.
I will have money, wool, and cheese, and wheat, Though it be given by the poorest page, Or by the poorest widow in village, 165 And though her children perish of famine. Nay! I will drink good liquor of the vine And have a pretty wench in every town.
Vow to make money and be rich from what he does by playing people and lying to them. He doesn't care where the money will come from. it could be from the poorest people in the church or the poor windows even if the children die of famine.
Nor baskets weave and try to live thereby, 160 Because I will not beg in vain, say I.
He always stand to benefit from them, he doesn't come cheap and whether he explains something or teaches you something, there is a price to be paid. There's no such thing as a free lunch, is a saying that reminded me of that line. I've heard it everywhere and it's true.
Is all my preaching, thus to make them free
he is a false preacher who always by all means try his best to gamble the followers.
I preach no sermon, save for covetousness;
False preaching! Can't be satisfied with what he owns, having or showing a great desire to possess something belonging to someone else.
But whoso finds himself without such blame, 100 He will come up and offer, in God’s name, And I’ll absolve him by authority
He continues to call for repentance. He wants those that have sinned to come up to him and to be receive with the authority God has given him.
If any man be here in church right now That’s done a sin so horrible that he Dare not, for shame, of that sin shriven be,
Call for repentance in church if anyone has committed sin
They die beside their murdered friend’s body
Lol, who is the smartest among the three friends? Greed and love for money! The three friends wanted the money, the first guy poisoned the food so that he can solely enjoy the money unknowing to him that the other two friends already have the plan to kill him for the money. Unfortunately, the three of them conspired against themselves and died of food poison.
indulgences
An indulgence is a way to reduce the amount of punishment one has to undergo for sins in the Middle Ages.
swindler
A person who uses deception to deprive someone of money or possessions
Of urine, and our two belongings small Were just to tell a female from a male,
She went further that genitals is to distinguish between men and women and also to urinate
Tell me also, to what purpose or end The genitals were made
She wants to know the purpose of genitals if it wasn't given to men and women to do the dirty thing.
Though maidenhood’s preferred to bigamy;
This is true “maidenhood’s is prefer to bigamy” - it’s better to remain single and never married than to re- marry when in a relationship.
He says that to be wedded is no sin; Better to marry than to burn within.
The apostle said to her to re-marry because to be wedded in fear of God is not sin! In my opinion, depending on what happened to her previous marriages and how the five marriages ended. Were those men dead or divorced? The Bible doesn’t support divorce as a Christian
Welcome the sixth whenever come he shall
After marrying five times, she is ready to marry the 6th again
For thou hast had five husbands,” thus said he, “And he whom thou hast now to be with thee Is not thine husband.
Lord Jesus is giving her warning that she had married five husbands and the new husband will still not work
I never should have married more than once.
Personal reason but she lied. What happened to other five husbands will still happen if the current husband gets to find out that she lied about it.
That since Our Lord, save once, would never go
She is been encouraged by someone that as long as thy Lord exit the next husband will stay. The means the other five husbands left her ,
I was twelve years of age, 5 Thanks be to God who is forever alive, Of husbands at church door have I had five;
She first marry when she was twelve years! No history of divorce, separation or death of any of the husbands. Does she currently have five husbands and is married to them all at the same time or did she have five husbands whom she married and divorced one at a time?
She is pleased and releases him so his life is spared.
King Arthur did not kill the knight because the question was answered. The old ugly lady gave him the answer but what was the answer?
If the knight can’t find the answer to the question then he will be killed.
Did King Arthur wanted to killed the Knight for not answering the question "what do women most desire" or for raping the young woman?
Lord, to whom Fortune has but given
The eldest lady among the women lamenting and grieving the the death, speaking in idiomatic expression relating to those in power to do unjust.
Come, tell me whether it may be amended;
Asked to know why they were drying whether the reasons for the cry could be changed to their favor
cry of woe
The women were grieving for losing their husbands and their husbands’ improper burial
Theseus agrees instead to hold a tournament, where the winner will win Emelye.
A series of contests between a number of competitors. Theseus decides that each of the knights must return in one year's time with one hundred knights, in order to fight an epic joust. The winner will get Emily.
Arcite
Arcite is a knight of royal blood, one of the four central characters in Chaucer's story. He was a cousin to Palamon.
Theseus
Theseus is the duke, lord and leader of Athens within The Knight's Tale. He is described as very wise and virtuous, having conquered many kingdoms and won many battles. He is a man who holds great power, and he allows the story to progress and develop.
the knight is described as someone who honorably follows the code of knighthood.
The Knight is described by Chaucer in the "General Prologue" as the person of highest social standing amongst the pilgrims, though his manners and clothes are unpretentious. He is the first and longest of all The Canterbury Tales. ... Chaucer also uses imagery to get things across. He describes women like fragile flowers and represents the ordered society by way of the structure of a Medieval tournament.
But we beseech your aid and pity thus. Have mercy on our woe and our distress. Some drop of pity, of your gentleness,
Being loyal and soliciting for help in time of distress.
There he married the queen, Hippolyta, And brought her home with him to his country. In glory great and with great ceremony,
Was the marriage great because she was the Queen? How comes she was the queen even before she got married? I thought the name Queen supposed to be use after the marriage.
her buttocks big and broad; Much sweeter a sweet to lick the one at her side for sure.
Poetic but translated to be romantic. Intended to be going off on a very sexual path when falling in love
feigned to sleep.
Pretended to be sleeping
salute him
Staunch passing Presansary to Gawain
where all men might marvel and on it look,
Like a surprise to all me that were looking
least worth the loss of my life, who’d learn the truth. Only inasmuch as you are my uncle, am I praised: No bounty but your blood in my body I know.
Gawain means to tell his uncle, you shouldn't bother with this foolish game that was on-going in medieval times; you're above this. Someone who is weaker with less to lose should participate.
But Arthur would not eat till all were served,
Arthur as a great man was such a humble person and showed respect to others and because of this kind and caring gesture that he has for others
Gawain as he journeys toward the green chapel
Sir Gawain is a member of King Arthur's court. After failing a challenge to kill the Green Knight, Gawain must travel to the Green Knight's chapel and accept a similar blow. However, when the time comes, his nerve fails him. ... The Green Knight knows about the girdle and chides Gawain for this deception.
He challenges King Arthur to a beheading game
Green knight challenged King Arthur to a beheading game. A beheading game is a trope or of medieval romance in which the players exchange blows which could decapitate their opponent. The most famous example is in the poem Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. He cuts the knight’s head off in a single blow; then, the beheaded knight picks his head up and instructs Gawain to seek him out in one year and one day so he may return the blow.
“humanly imperfect Christian”
Yes, it was! The character of Sir Gawain, the poet shows that even knights of King Arthur's court have faults and are human. His Christian faith is also explored, or his lack thereof; when we see Gawain accept magic in order to level the playing field with the Green Knight
canonical statutes.
In the Catholic Church, canon status is the system of laws and legal principles made and enforced by the Church's hierarchical authorities to regulate its external organization and government and to order and direct the activities of Catholics toward the mission of the Church.
Fourth Lateran Council
This in this case is refers to as the Church leadership Catholic Church who define rules and regulations for the Christian world; two major decisions were made: trasnsubstatiation was defined and Jews/Muslims living in Christian lands were compelled to dress distinctively from their Christian neighbors
forfeit
Forfeit in this case is to be deprived of property or a right or privilege Because the woman remarried to another man.
adultery
I think there should be infliction or imposition of a penalty act of adulterous act committed not the other way around
wergild
Weregild, is the same as man price, was a payment or value placed on every being and piece of property, for example in the Frankish Salic Code. If property was stolen, or someone was injured or killed, the guilty person would have to pay weregild as restitution to the victim's family or to the owner of the property.
inherit
Getting parts or all the properties of the father when the father dies. In this case, despite the conditions of the marriage either the maiden is bought with payment with or with no conditions the child will get parts or all the properties of the father when the husband dies first before the child.
If anyone lies with a maiden belonging to the king, he is to pay 50 shillings compensation.
Still because of the social class that exited. Maiden belonging to the king was rated higher than others, so paying more. That why someone could pay more (50 shillings) compare the other and down to the lowest of 12 shillings. In that case, 50 shillings would have bought you a helmet during these times (and is roughly eqivalent to 5000 Pounds Sterling in today's money). Or 25 shillings would have bought you a helmet during these times (and is roughly eqivalent to 2500 Pounds Sterling in today's money) and so on.
25 shillings
According to this helpful source, 25 shillings would have bought you a helmet during these times (and is roughly eqivalent to 2500 Pounds Sterling in today's money).
monetary compensation
Monetary compensation is the money paid in the contact of sexual intercourse that was ongoing at a time in either Ways. Compensation was arranged according to social rank (from king to slave) and by body part (from hair to toenail).
Fair sir
Respect and willingness for submission.
“Let us go together on the ship,” replied the lady. “If he be dead we may give him fitting burial, and the priest shall pray meetly for his soul. Should he be yet alive perchance he will speak, and tell us of his case.”
The maiden Prefers to embank on the journey together to cast fear ob being killed, explain that befitting burial will be given if she dead and also the priest shall pray greatly for her dead soul to rest in peace. If eventually she make it alive, she will tell the others the stories of the journey.
that men should bear in remembrance the deeds of those who have gone before.
Referring to the deeds of their fore-father. there is no present stories that weren't been written before by their fore-father,
crucial role she played
Marie de France is the earliest woman poet whose was an adept translator, he work has survived to us, making her work extremely valuable to scholars. Her fables and lays also bring a uniquely feminine perspective to traditional tales of chivalry and courtly love. Marie de France is considered by scholars to be the first woman known to write francophone verse. She wrote in Francien, with some Anglo-Norman influence. She was proficient in Latin, as were most authors and scholars of that era, as well as Middle English and possibly Breton.
lays
The lays of Marie de France are a series of twelve short narrative Breton lays by the poet Marie de France. They are written in Anglo-Norman and were probably composed in the late 12th century.
custom of ancient
Ways of doing things in the old time. The practice, norms and beliefs in the middle age
Those to whom God has given the gift of comely speech, should not hide their light beneath a bushel, but should willingly show it abroad.
This is a proverb.Do not conceal your talents or abilities. Or another way of relating to someone not to hide the talent God has given to them in time of need.
crises
A time of intense difficulty in Britain during an exceptionally challenging in Europe that great historical change.
Know, then, that they are drawn up in three battalions and are awaiting you.
Lord Moyne refers to as the large body of troop that were ready and waiting to battle the king
upheaval of the social order
This refers to as the damage or destruction cost by the second major crises in Britain during an exceptionally challenging period, Like how Commoners were poorly paid by landlords for their labor and got an opportunity to revolt since the Black Death plague had killed a third of the black population, and how therefore labor was in high demand. Also, Black plague led to a significant shift in demography and labor supply. although the government, therefore, intervened through minimum wage and price control. Landlords were then required to lower Land rent and to raise wages as a result of low labor supply. Laborers were selective and did not work for the wealthy class who paid low wages.
To all of the Danes,
The Danes were the residents of Denmar, referred to as Dena.
His worth and due as a warrior were the greatest
A great warrior, extremely power, courageous, a man who believes in avenging a friend's death. This has all the qualities of being a great hero.
After Hygelac had offered greetings To his loyal thane in lofty speech, He and his kinsman, that hale survivor, Sat face to face
This greetings happen before discussion. The kinsman is greeted and they sat face to face for discussion while speaking in a soft voice.
sword
The watchers ashore interprets this as a sign of Beowulf's death of the hand of Grendel's mother. Meanwhile, the blade of Beowulf's new sword melts because the blood is too hot and poisonous for it
thane
This the man who surround the ruler of a region. he is expected to be loyal to the king
I guarantee you: she will not get away,
Very motivated and sure about it
Beowulf
Beowulf is similar to the poems of the Exeter book because they are influenced by Christainity.
The Wife’s Lament
the wife's Lament form of the poem perspective: Each stanza in the poem has a varying length and a different number of lines. There is no specific form that the poet adopted. At the middle or the end of each line, there is a comma, which implies pauses.
Blessed is he who lives humbly, his reward comes in heaven.
There is always rewards for every good deeds
The Wife’s Lament
The wife's lament is an elegy dealing with themes of isolation and sorrow caused by the loss of love.
My lord departed at first
Lord doesn't support any bad deed