"low-carbon privilege"
Anders Blok, “Urban Green Gentrification in an Unequal World of Climate Change,” Urban Studies 57, no. 14 (2020): 2805, https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098019891050.
"low-carbon privilege"
Anders Blok, “Urban Green Gentrification in an Unequal World of Climate Change,” Urban Studies 57, no. 14 (2020): 2805, https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098019891050.
"relatively generic project"
Thomas Aarup Due, Troels Friis, and Zenia Mølgaard Schmidt, “A New Cloudburst Management Plan for Copenhagen,” Topos Magazine, September 15, 2016, https://toposmagazine.com/enghaveparken-copenhagen-denmark/.
"New Heritage"
Thomas Aarup Due, Troels Friis, and Zenia Mølgaard Schmidt, “A New Cloudburst Management Plan for Copenhagen,” Topos Magazine, September 15, 2016, https://toposmagazine.com/enghaveparken-copenhagen-denmark/.
"Old Heritage"
Thomas Aarup Due, Troels Friis, and Zenia Mølgaard Schmidt, “A New Cloudburst Management Plan for Copenhagen,” Topos Magazine, September 15, 2016, https://toposmagazine.com/enghaveparken-copenhagen-denmark/.
23,000-cubic-meter reservoir
“Third Nature · Adaptation Park.” THIRD NATURE ·. Accessed March 23, 2026. https://www.thirdnaturearchitects.com/case/adaptation-park.
reclassification of nature into infrastructure
Ashley Carse, Beyond the Big Ditch: Politics, Ecology, and Infrastructure at the Panama Canal (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2014).
"new life"
Thomas Aarup Due, Troels Friis, and Zenia Mølgaard Schmidt, “A New Cloudburst Management Plan for Copenhagen,” Topos Magazine, September 15, 2016, https://toposmagazine.com/enghaveparken-copenhagen-denmark/.
renderings and impressive stats
“Third Nature · Adaptation Park.” THIRD NATURE ·. Accessed March 23, 2026. https://www.thirdnaturearchitects.com/case/adaptation-park.
"budget capture,"
Anders Blok, “Urban Green Gentrification in an Unequal World of Climate Change,” Urban Studies 57, no. 14 (2020): 2805, https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098019891050.
"protecting the district's basements"
City of Copenhagen, “Dagsordener og referater,” accessed March 23, 2026, https://www.kk.dk/dagsordener-og-referater.
labeling
Ashley Carse, Beyond the Big Ditch: Politics, Ecology, and Infrastructure at the Panama Canal (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2014).
"slums" in the 1990s to achieve state-led gentrification
Henrik Gutzon Larsen and Anders Lund Hansen, “Gentrification—Gentle or Traumatic? Urban Renewal Policies and Socioeconomic Transformations in Copenhagen,” Urban Studies 45, no. 12 (2008): 2432, https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098008097101.
"dilapidated, outdated, and unsafe"
City of Copenhagen, “Dagsordener og referater,” accessed March 23, 2026, https://www.kk.dk/dagsordener-og-referater.
"climate adaptation component"
City of Copenhagen, “Dagsordener og referater,” accessed March 23, 2026, https://www.kk.dk/dagsordener-og-referater.
2016 Vesterbro Meeting Minutes
City of Copenhagen, “Dagsordener og referater,” accessed March 23, 2026, https://www.kk.dk/dagsordener-og-referater.
50 million DKK
City of Copenhagen, “Dagsordener og referater,” accessed March 23, 2026, https://www.kk.dk/dagsordener-og-referater.
housing data
City of Copenhagen, “Dwellings by district, ownership, year of commissioning, type of use and number of rooms (KKBOL1),” Copenhagen Statbank, accessed April 13, 2026, https://kk.statistikbank.dk/statbank5a/default.asp?w=1470.
"risk upper class,"
Anders Blok, “Urban Green Gentrification in an Unequal World of Climate Change,” Urban Studies 57, no. 14 (2020): 2805, https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098019891050.
"green rent gap,"
Anders Blok, “Urban Green Gentrification in an Unequal World of Climate Change,” Urban Studies 57, no. 14 (2020): 2805, https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098019891050.
unemployment spiked
City of Copenhagen, “Unemployed (yearly) by district, degree of unemployment and highest education completed (KKLEDIG6),” Copenhagen Statbank, accessed April 13, 2026, https://kk.statistikbank.dk/statbank5a/default.asp?w=1470.
average income from 2008 to 2024
City of Copenhagen, “Income for persons (14 years +) by district, unit, sex and type of income (KKIND3),” Copenhagen Statbank, accessed April 13, 2026, https://kk.statistikbank.dk/statbank5a/default.asp?w=1470.
2012 Cloudburst Plan
The City of Copenhagen, Cloudburst Management Plan 2012 (Copenhagen: Technical and Environmental Administration, 2012), 2.
state-led urban renewal of the 1990s displaced the original residents of the “slums,”
Henrik Gutzon Larsen and Anders Lund Hansen, “Gentrification—Gentle or Traumatic? Urban Renewal Policies and Socioeconomic Transformations in Copenhagen,” Urban Studies 45, no. 12 (2008): 2432, https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098008097101.
Copenhagen Statbank data
City of Copenhagen, “Population by district, sex, age and ancestry (KKBEF2),” Copenhagen Statbank, accessed April 13, 2026, https://kk.statistikbank.dk/statbank5a/default.asp?w=1470.
City of Copenhagen, “Income for persons (14 years +) by district, unit, sex and type of income (KKIND3),” Copenhagen Statbank, accessed April 13, 2026, https://kk.statistikbank.dk/statbank5a/default.asp?w=1470.
"risk upper class"
Anders Blok, “Urban Green Gentrification in an Unequal World of Climate Change,” Urban Studies 57, no. 14 (2020): 2805, https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098019891050.
over 50 million DKK
City of Copenhagen, “Dagsordener og referater,” accessed March 23, 2026, https://www.kk.dk/dagsordener-og-referater.
"protecting the district's basements"
City of Copenhagen, “Dagsordener og referater,” accessed March 23, 2026, https://www.kk.dk/dagsordener-og-referater.
city gains the power to manage it as a machine
Ashley Carse, Beyond the Big Ditch: Politics, Ecology, and Infrastructure at the Panama Canal (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2014).
"Old Heritage"
Thomas Aarup Due, Troels Friis, and Zenia Mølgaard Schmidt, “A New Cloudburst Management Plan for Copenhagen,” Topos Magazine, September 15, 2016, https://toposmagazine.com/enghaveparken-copenhagen-denmark/.
prioritizes physical flood resilience as a tool for urban redevelopment over social equity
Anders Blok, “Urban Green Gentrification in an Unequal World of Climate Change,” Urban Studies 57, no. 14 (2020): 2805, https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098019891050.
“low-carbon privilege”
Anders Blok, “Urban Green Gentrification in an Unequal World of Climate Change,” Urban Studies 57, no. 14 (2020): 2805, https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098019891050.
In the 1990s, Copenhagen as a whole went through a major state-led urban renewal, but before that, Vesterbro was considered the slums and known as the red-light district. After the renewal, the district was seen completely differently, with a much more modern feel and “New Yorker style”.
Henrik Gutzon Larsen and Anders Lund Hansen, “Gentrification—Gentle or Traumatic? Urban Renewal Policies and Socioeconomic Transformations in Copenhagen,” Urban Studies 45, no. 12 (2008): 2432, https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098008097101.
Even then there are still families enjoying the space, taking a walk under the covered path or canoeing around one of the lowered basins.
Thomas Aarup Due, Troels Friis, and Zenia Mølgaard Schmidt, “A New Cloudburst Management Plan for Copenhagen,” Topos Magazine, September 15, 2016, https://toposmagazine.com/enghaveparken-copenhagen-denmark/.
a giant 35,000-square-meter neoclassical sanctuary, split into 6 distinct zones
Thomas Aarup Due, Troels Friis, and Zenia Mølgaard Schmidt, “A New Cloudburst Management Plan for Copenhagen,” Topos Magazine, September 15, 2016, https://toposmagazine.com/enghaveparken-copenhagen-denmark/.