- May 2024
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social-media-ethics-automation.github.io social-media-ethics-automation.github.io
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Eli Whitney. December 2023. Page Version ID: 1189351897. URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eli_Whitney&oldid=1189351897 (visited on 2023-12-10).
Eli Whitney was an American inventor best known for inventing the cotton gin, and the cotton gin is a device that revolutionized the cotton industry by significantly speeding up the process of separating cotton fibers from their seeds.
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social-media-ethics-automation.github.io social-media-ethics-automation.github.io
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For example, you can hopefully recognize when someone is intentionally posting something bad or offensive (like the bad cooking videos we mentioned in the Virality chapter, or an intentionally offensive statement) in an attempt to get people to respond and spread their content. Then you can decide how you want to engage (if at all) given how they are trying to spread their content.
Social media has significant impact on emotions and mental health. I have seen people providing negative contents such as autotomy on social media and it really influence my emotion. Social media can be a double-edged sword, offering connection and information but also potentially leading to stress, anxiety, and misinformation.
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social-media-ethics-automation.github.io social-media-ethics-automation.github.io
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White savior. November 2023. Page Version ID: 1184795435. URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_savior&oldid=1184795435 (visited on 2023-12-10).
White savior is a stereotype idea that in movies or TV series, always a white character showed as a hero and save other non-white characters. "The Blind Side", "Avatar", and "Dances with Wolves" are examples or movies showing this stereotype.
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social-media-ethics-automation.github.io social-media-ethics-automation.github.io
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Use the site less or delete their account. Individually, this doesn’t do much, but if they do this in coordination with others (e.g., a boycott), then this can affect Meta. For example, when Facebook would make interface changes, users would all complain together, and Facebook worried people would all leave together. In order to prevent this, they began slowly rolling out changes, only giving it to some users at a time, making it harder for users to coordinate leaving together.
I feel that it actually works similar to the unions for workers. Single worker cannot cause huge impacts on companies if he/she chooses to strike. But multiple workers, such as half of the workers, or even all the workers choose to strike, companies have to negotiate with them because companies will not be able to work normally without workers.
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social-media-ethics-automation.github.io social-media-ethics-automation.github.io
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Nuremberg trials. December 2023. Page Version ID: 1189568098. URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nuremberg_trials&oldid=1189568098 (visited on 2023-12-10).
The Nuremberg trials were trials conducted by the Allies against the Nazi Germany. The Nazi Germany invaded many countries in Europe during 1933 and 1945 and not only killed a lot of people, but also conducting inhumane experiments to innocent civilians.
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social-media-ethics-automation.github.io social-media-ethics-automation.github.io
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Given the huge range of things “cancel culture” can be referring to, we’ll mostly stick to talking here about “public shaming,” and “public criticism.”
Public shaming involves exposing and criticizing someone’s behavior or actions in a social platform or public places such as Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram. Users can quickly amplify messages and mobilize collective action on these platforms.
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social-media-ethics-automation.github.io social-media-ethics-automation.github.io
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Lone wolf attack. December 2023. Page Version ID: 1187839644. URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lone_wolf_attack&oldid=1187839644#Stochastic_terrorism (visited on 2023-12-10).
Lone wolf attack refers to violent acts committed by a person who plans and executes the attack without direct support from large organizations or groups. But he/she still can causes significant harm and generate widespread fear to the public.
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social-media-ethics-automation.github.io social-media-ethics-automation.github.io
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Historically of course, different demographic groups have been subject to harassment or violence, such as women, LGBTA+ people, and Black people (e.g., the FBI trying to convince Martin Luther King Jr. to commit suicide [q10]).
I remembered when I was in high school, my English teacher told us that there was a man trying to rape her at the gas station because she is a black woman that seems easy to be harassed.
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social-media-ethics-automation.github.io social-media-ethics-automation.github.io
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United States congressional staff edits to Wikipedia. December 2023. Page Version ID: 1188215095. URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_congressional_staff_edits_to_Wikipedia&oldid=1188215095 (visited on 2023-12-08).
one detailed information about this website states that "Biographical information on various politicians was edited by their own staff to remove undesirable information (including pejorative statements quoted, or broken campaign promises)". Since a lot of people can edit the information at will, is there still credibility on Wikipedia? Similar Websites such as Baidu Baike also arise this problem, and ended up with little credibility.
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social-media-ethics-automation.github.io social-media-ethics-automation.github.io
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When tasks are done through large groups of people making relatively small contributions, this is called crowdsourcing. The people making the contributions generally come from a crowd of people that aren’t necessarily tied to the task (e.g., all internet users can edit Wikipedia), but then people from the crowd either get chosen to participate, or volunteer themselves.
Crowdsourcing isn't limited to simple tasks. There are multiple types of crowdsourcing such as Crowd Voting, which is Gathering public opinion through ratings or votes. Or Crowd Creation, Collective production of creative content such as Youtube, Tiktok.
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social-media-ethics-automation.github.io social-media-ethics-automation.github.io
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Sarah T. Roberts. Behind the Screen. Yale University Press, September 2021. URL: https://yalebooks.yale.edu/9780300261479/behind-the-screen (visited on 2023-12-08).
This book provides an in-depth exploration of commercial content moderation (CCM) on social media platforms. Workers screen and evaluate thousands of posts every day to prevent users from encountering violent, hateful, or offensive content. But through interviews with workers, Roberts found out that they are facing issues of low wages, psychological tolls, and precarious employment situations.
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social-media-ethics-automation.github.io social-media-ethics-automation.github.io
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One concept that comes up in a lot of different ethical frameworks is moderation. Famously, Confucian thinkers prized moderation as a sound principle for living, or as a virtue, and taught the value of the ‘golden mean’, or finding a balanced, moderate state between extremes. This golden mean idea got picked up by Aristotle—we might even say ripped off by Aristotle—as he framed each virtue as a medial state between two extremes. You could be cowardly at one extreme, or brash and reckless at the other; in the golden middle is courage. You could be miserly and penny-pinching, or you could be a reckless spender, but the aim is to find a healthy balance between those two. Moderation, or being moderate, is something that is valued in many ethical frameworks, not because it comes naturally to us, per se, but because it is an important part of how we form groups and come to trust each other for our shared survival and flourishing
The history of the moderation is Confucius and his followers promoted moderation through the concept of the 'golden mean.' Moderation encouraged people to pursue balanced behavior in relationships, rituals, and daily living.
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social-media-ethics-automation.github.io social-media-ethics-automation.github.io
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Digital detox. November 2023. Page Version ID: 1187412856. URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Digital_detox&oldid=1187412856 (visited on 2023-12-08).
digital detox refers to a period when people refrains from using tech devices such as smartphones, computers, and social media platforms to reduce stress. Instead, they focus more on the real world and make interactions with people.
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social-media-ethics-automation.github.io social-media-ethics-automation.github.io
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For example, Facebook has a suicide detection algorithm, where they try to intervene if they think a user is suicidal (Inside Facebook’s suicide algorithm: Here’s how the company uses artificial intelligence to predict your mental state from your posts [m30]). As social media companies have tried to detect talk of suicide and sometimes remove content that mentions it, users have found ways of getting around this by inventing new word uses, like “unalive” [m31].
I am not sure whether it is useful to detect those words and not allowed those words posted because sometimes people might talk about a news of somebody suicide, but not trying to hurting themselves.
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- Apr 2024
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social-media-ethics-automation.github.io social-media-ethics-automation.github.io
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The Selfish Gene. December 2023. Page Version ID: 1188207750. URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Selfish_Gene&oldid=1188207750 (visited on 2023-12-08).
The book argues that genes are the primary unit of natural selection, acting selfishly to ensure their own survival. It introduces the concept of "selfish genes" to explain why certain biological traits persist across generations. It further states that organisms can be viewed as vehicles for their genes.
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social-media-ethics-automation.github.io social-media-ethics-automation.github.io
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Paid promotion and ads, where someone pays money to have their content replicated
A lot of people on social media cares about the "replicate volume", which is how many times the video or article has been forwarding by people. Therefore, if the data is good, more people are likely to look at the content.
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social-media-ethics-automation.github.io social-media-ethics-automation.github.io
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Ash. Autism is NOT A Disability. July 2022. URL: https://www.autism360.com/autism-is-not-a-disability/ (visited on 2023-12-07)
The piece advocates for a broader understanding of autism under the social model of disability. It suggests that disability arises from the interaction between individuals and their environments. Therefore, autism should not solely be classified as a disability, instead, should be seemed as differently abled.
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social-media-ethics-automation.github.io social-media-ethics-automation.github.io
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Reddit unfortunately doesn’t allow alt-text for their images. So while we were going to have a programming demo here to look up the alt-text, there is no alt-text on images uploaded to Reddit to look up, meaning this site is unfriendly to blind or low-vision users
In reality, there are many apps and website instead of Reddit only that are unfriendly for disabled people, and the inconvenience might make them depressed and feel being alienated by the world, which is inhumanity.
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social-media-ethics-automation.github.io social-media-ethics-automation.github.io
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General Data Protection Regulation. November 2023. Page Version ID: 1187294017. URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=General_Data_Protection_Regulation&oldid=1187294017 (visited on 2023-12-05).
The GDPR is a comprehensive data protection legislation that aims to give individuals more control over their personal data while standardizing regulations across the European Union. It emphasizes transparency, lawful processing, and data security, and sets strict guidelines for the transfer of personal data outside the EU. The GDPR also provides individuals with various rights, including the right to access, correct, and request the deletion of their data. Enforcement is robust, with significant penalties for non-compliance.
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social-media-ethics-automation.github.io social-media-ethics-automation.github.io
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Some governments and laws protect the privacy of individuals (using a Natural Rights ethical framing). These include the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation [i3] (GDPR), which includes a “right to be forgotten”, and the United State’s Supreme Court has at times inferred a constitutional right to privacy [i4].
I am thinking about a question which is Which countries are the most protective of individuals' privacy and which countries are the least?
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social-media-ethics-automation.github.io social-media-ethics-automation.github.io
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Kurt Wagner. This is how Facebook collects data on you even if you don’t have an account. Vox, April 2018. URL: https://www.vox.com/2018/4/20/17254312/facebook-shadow-profiles-data-collection-non-users-mark-zuckerberg (visited on 2023-12-05).
shadow profiles refer to the collection of data about individuals who have not consented to sharing their information. This collection can occur from different ways, such as when users upload their contacts to Facebook, and Facebook will "steal" those information. But those people themselves might not been using Facebook.
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social-media-ethics-automation.github.io social-media-ethics-automation.github.io
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For example, social media data about who you are friends with might be used to infer your sexual orientation [h8]. Social media data might also be used to infer people’s:
I am thinking about whether sexual orientation could be correctly inferred because for example I am a gay or lesbian does not means that my friends are also LGBTQ, they might be straight but still my friends.
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social-media-ethics-automation.github.io social-media-ethics-automation.github.io
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lonelygirl15. November 2023. Page Version ID: 1186146298. URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lonelygirl15&oldid=1186146298 (visited on 2023-11-24).
The series gained significant attention for its blending of reality and fiction, pioneering the use of social media platforms for narrative storytelling.
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social-media-ethics-automation.github.io social-media-ethics-automation.github.io
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The way we present ourselves to others around us (our behavior, social role, etc.) is called our public persona [f20]. We also may change how we behave and speak depending on the situation or who we are around, which is called code-switching [f21].
The concept of code-switching is not just limited to personal interactions but is also prevalent in professional environments. It is similar to how companies rebrand themselves in different markets, showcasing the versatility and strategic thinking individuals employ in various aspects of life.
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social-media-ethics-automation.github.io social-media-ethics-automation.github.io
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Something Awful. October 2023. Page Version ID: 1178318588. URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Something_Awful&oldid=1178318588 (visited on 2023-11-24).
"Something Awful" is a comedy website founded by Richard "Lowtax" Kyanka in 1999. This website is known for its varied content, including blog entries, forums, and a series titled "Comedy Goldmine,". In addition, the community has been active in philanthropy, notably raising funds for disaster relief.
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social-media-ethics-automation.github.io social-media-ethics-automation.github.io
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one 15-year-old member
I was amazed by that because that person is only 15 years old, which is just a teenager. It further let me think of the question that whether a member with that young age could manage the website well including manage those improper opinions.
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social-media-ethics-automation.github.io social-media-ethics-automation.github.io
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Elon Musk [@elonmusk]. @Andst7 I hereby challenge @paraga to a public debate about the Twitter bot percentage. Let him prove to the public that Twitter has \textless 5% fake or spam daily users! August 2022. URL: https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1555950698252181507 (visited on 2023-11-24).
Musk said that Twitter has <5% fake or spam daily users, while it might not be just talking about the fake users. Musk has created a AI called Grok xAI that collaborate with Twitter and aims to compete with ChatGPT. Therefore, this message he post might be related to his future plans about the Grok.
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social-media-ethics-automation.github.io social-media-ethics-automation.github.io
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This reminds me about a game that I am playing right now called Honor of Kings. Couple weeks ago, a new design has been added into the gameplay that I really don't like, but a lot of people like it, therefore I have to put in extra work or even modify myself to fit into the system.
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- Mar 2024
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social-media-ethics-automation.github.io social-media-ethics-automation.github.io
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Zack Sharf. ‘Star Wars: The Last Jedi’ Backlash: Academic Study Reveals 50% of Online Hate Caused by Russian Trolls or Non-Humans. October 2018. URL: https://www.indiewire.com/features/general/star-wars-last-jedi-backlash-study-russian-trolls-rian-johnson-1202008645/
The article states that a lot of negative comments are created since the movie “Star Wars: The Last Jedi,” published. However, more than 50 percent of the negative comments are not even made by human, but robots instead, which shows that it is actually " actually “deliberate, organized political influence measures” in disguise."
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social-media-ethics-automation.github.io social-media-ethics-automation.github.io
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Note that sometimes people use “bots” to mean inauthentically run accounts, such as those run by actual humans, but are paid to post things like advertisements or political content
It reminds me about the test on a lot of website such as Chrome asking if you are a human, and ask you to identify something such as pictures that has bus on it.
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social-media-ethics-automation.github.io social-media-ethics-automation.github.io
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Existentialism
Walter Kaufmann wrote and published a book called "Existentialism from Dostoevsky to Sartre" in 1956. Kaufman begins with a portrait of the "existentialists," from writers Fyodor Dostoyevsky, Kafka, and Rilke to thinkers Nietzsche, Heidegger, Sartre, Kierkegaard, Jaspers, and Camus, who refused to belong to any ideological faction or deny the sufficiency of any faith group. To regard traditional philosophy as superficial, scholastic and remote from life, and to be clearly dissatisfied with it - this is the core of existentialism.
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Taoism [b16]#
In addition, Taoism also has a large system of deities, and believers worship and worship many deities, such as The Three Pristine Ones (The Primeval Lord of Heaven (Yuan Shi Tian Zun), The Heavenly Lord of Numinous Treasure (Ling Bao Tian Zun), and The Heavenly Lord of Tao and Virtue (Dao De Tian Zun) ), the Jade Emperor, and Four Heavenly Ministers etc.
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