rhetorical tricks that you can use to reinforce your points.

, any fool can make simple things complicated; it takes a genius to make complicated things simple.

Academese style: “To satisfy her hunger for nutrition, she consumed the bread.” Straightforward style: “She was hungry, so she ate the bread.”1 

Style

official reports from government agencies or major international institutions like the World Bank or the United Nations;

textbooks written with students in mind, (2) monographs which give an extended report on a large research project, and (3) edited volumes in which each chapter is authored by different people.

Whenever you are making an argument, clearly identify the conclusion you are trying to reach and the premises you are using to arrive at the conclusion. 2) Check the premises to see if they are actually relevant in the argument you are making and if they all connect to each other. 3) Check to see that the premises actually lead to the conclusion in the right ways to support it.

Equivocation

I took some pictures of the dogs at the park playing, but they were not good.” Does ‘they’ mean the dogs or the pictures “were not good”?

Loaded Question Fallacy

Self-sealers

slippery slope

herring fallacy

non sequitur

backing

hasty generalization

The argument presents _____________ as a reason to believe _____________, but this supposed reason is just a rewording of the claim

circular reasoning

The First Amendment guarantees the right of free speech to all Americans. Therefore, teachers have the right to express themselves freely in the classroom

inductive

deductive

counterargument

go through our annotations

Introductions set expectations

solution

Thinking and writing happen in conversation,

When I try to write, I struggle