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    1. Humans, in contrast, have tapped into both natural energy flows (like sunlight capturedthrough farming) and fossil fuels buried deep in the earth.

      Using that energy ended up hurting our natural environment.

    2. individuals and communities were drawn intolarger and more powerful social structures. This growth also meant higher energy use.Population growth is one measure of this change.

      This is when collective learning started to change the way human society worked.

    3. Humans began farming. Bydomesticating plants and animals, they redirected the energy of ecosystems for their ownuse. Agriculture allowed more people to live in one place and gave rise to villages and cities

      Farming brought a new level to collective learning.

    4. But from around 250,000 years ago, change began tospeed up. Innovations like new tools, fishing, and long-distance exchange suggest thatmodern humans with symbolic language and collective learning had appeared.

      This is when society began to change as a whole.

    5. This power to adapt through culture gave humans extraordinaryecological strength, enabling us to survive in almost every environment on Earth.

      We adapted and created survival insticts.

    6. With collective learning, knowledge builds upacross generations. Each new generation inherits not just genes but also the discoveriesand ideas of the past. As a result, human history is not just a series of individual lives, butan ongoing accumulation of knowledge and techniques.

      using stories and this type of learning, we survived all those years.

    7. Today,cosmologists know that the universe has limits, but it is still so huge that it makes both ourplanet and our species seem small and unimportant

      Modern Cosmotology states the universe does have limits, contary to the ancient Cosmotology which says the universe is infinite in size and time.

    8. arth’s mainpurpose seemed to be to serve as the home for human beings. But modern cosmology hasmoved both Earth and humanity away from the center.

      How did we come to the conclusion that we were not at the center? We finally realized we weren't at the center of the universe, which changes the way we think about history because of context.

    9. world history tries to describe the path all humans share, simplybecause we are members of the same species.

      They say world historians have trouble seeing the broader picture when it comes to context, but they are already describing the path all humans share, despite their literate/non-literate differences.

    10. historians are best at connecting the past to the problems of the present and thepossibilities of the future.

      Using context is not limited to the past or present. Historians are constantly using examples from our present as possibilities of events that happen in the future.

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