Oxidation
Oxidation: It is defined as the addition of oxygen to the substance or the removal of hydrogen from the substance.
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- Jan 2024
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Many OH compounds in living systems are formed by alkene hydration. Here is an example that occurs in the Krebs cycle: fumarate is hydrated to form malate. In addition to its preparation from ethylene, ethanol is made by the fermentation of sugars or starch from various sources (potatoes, corn, wheat, rice, etc.). Fermentation is catalyzed by enzymes found in yeast and proceeds by an elaborate multistep mechanism. We can represent the overall process as follows:
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Markovnikov’s rule
Hydrogen is added to the carbon with the most hydrogens and the halide is added to the carbon with the least hydrogens”.
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functional groups
an atom or group of atoms within a molecule that has similar chemical properties whenever it appears in various compound
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