Reread and actively work with the text, annotating it, underlining main ideas, divide the text into stages of thought, labeling them in the margin.

BrevityCompletenessObjectivity

Consider why the information in the source is or is not reliable; Give specific examples and explain how the source is biased or objective.

Write at least 2 to 3 main claims per source, and attach or cluster the notecards to the annotated bibliography; you may color code the cards or sticky notes, or code them by number, letter, or symbol, to keep track of each authors’ claims.Once you have multiple notecards or sticky notes per source, you can start to move the notecards or sticky notes around on your desk, to cluster different authors or sources together based on similar ideas or claims, or similar categories of ideas.

Google search results are heavily influenced by algorithms, keywords, advertisements, and even social biases.

“How” and “Why,” the two most “critical” questioning words.

Not only that, when you “pose real problems” to research, read, and write about, you will not only learn better but also enjoy the process, because the issue is real to you and your “intrinsic motivation” to research the issue is authentic.

starts with your curiosity

Reading Aloud

The secret to their success is that they keep working on their writing and they follow a process to get from the beginning through the middle and to the end.draft as her “Shitty First Draft.”

The first step, the biggest one is just getting started by collecting your ideas.

By developing a growth mindset and being flexible and open-minded as a learner, becoming an active reader is about using strategies to get through difficult texts. Each time you try a new strategy that works for you, and continue to use and practice that strategy, you will be able to persist through any difficult text you encounter by annotating your way through difficult sections, with various new ways of annotating and asking questions to solve problems.

Freire’s ideas are important here because who you are as a reader matters: your experiences, your memories, your knowledge from other literature, other courses, and other texts – are all very important to bring to your reading process.

When you start to see reading as a conversation with authors, who have life experiences similar to yours, and for some of whom your life experiences could teach, reading engages you in solving real issues in the world that have meaning for you beyond the page..

When scanning, you want to look for particular ways that the author or publisher of a text made certain words or ideas stand out — whether they are bolded, underlined, or italicized; if there are Text Boxes that make the concept or idea ways that the author or publisher of a text made certain words or ideas stand out — whether they are bolded, underlined, or italicized; if there are Text Boxes that make the concept or idea stand apart from the rest of the text; and/or if there are images to add meaning to a certain concept, idea, or section of a text.

Too often, though, students are pushed to come up with questions on the spot rather than given sufficient time to reflect on what they’d really like to know.

John Dewey (1899/1990, p. 34) described “the old education” as an approach in which “the center of gravity is outside the child. It is in the teacher, the textbook, anywhere and everywhere you please except in the immediate instincts and activities of the child himself.” Students are expected to do whatever they’re told, to accommodate themselves to a curriculum that was created by adults who never met them. By contrast, the best sort of education — which is not only more respectful of children but far more effective — takes its cue from the interests of those who are being educated. The center of gravity is in the kids; their purposes and interests are our point of departure.”

生徒のために思慮深い質問を用意するのは良いことですが、それ以上に重要なのは、生徒から質問を引き出すことです。

“Just as the children became interested in formulating and answering their own questions — when curiosity, the mechanism that underlies the best learning — kicked in . . . she stopped them.”

The least interesting questions are those with straightforward factual answers.