15 Matching Annotations
  1. Sep 2020
    1. But Brentano also speaks of a 'science' of psychology. Which of the two authors is in the right?

      This is a question that still might not be able to be answered. Both of their schools of thought were appropriate for the time, and in turn, allowed for more development in the field. As we see today, Brentano and his use of the knowledge ancient philosophical thought brought us influences our studies of things like Abnormal Psychology and personality, while Wundt proved that psychology is a science, and Physiological Psychology is an extremely important area of study to understand things such as addiction. Both were right, but, it seems to me, they needed each other to progress. Luckily we have both.

    2. Which of the two books holds the key to a science of psychology?

      It seems to me that Brentano was much more philosophically inclined, and Wundt physiologically. It may be suggested that if they had worked together, could have created a much closer version to what we see as modern psychology today, much sooner, but in the end, Wundt pursued psychology with much more scientific vigor than did Brentano.

    3. both alike, that psychology, under his guidance, has still a long systematic road to travel.

      Demonstrates that, even with the vast advancements Wundt was able to make, he still did not have enough information to determine what psychology really was, or what it should be. But, it did lay a solid foundation on which to build.

    4. Here then is an improvement on the side of analysis and synthesis; but that is not enough. For ideas do not associate automatically, as it were of their own motion; the laws of association are, on the contrary, under the universal dominance of attention. And now there opens up, for experimental attack, a whole series of special problems which an empirical psychology, following only the single line of enquiry, [p. 118] must naturally miss. In their light we pass beyond associationism to a more faithful transcript of the 'course and connection of ideas';[38] and in like manner we avoid, in our psychology of will, the philosophical impasse of indeterminism

      Again it seems to be brought to our attention that Wundt is lacking in integrating philosophical thought into his psychological inquiries.

    5. Wundt himself compares to a chemical synthesis and which critics have assimilated to Mill's " mental chemistry.

      This is where it seems Wundt is lacking in integrating philosophy into his psychology, and focusing very much on the hard scientific exploration instead.

    6. For Wundt, psychology is a part of the science of life. Vital processes may be viewed from the outside, and then we have the subject-matter of physiology, or they may be viewed from within, and then we have the subject-matter of psychology.[22] The data, the items of this subject-matter, are always complex, and the task of experimental psychology is to analyse them into "the elementary psychical processes." If we know the elements, and can compare them with the resulting complexes, we may hope to understand the nature of integration, which according to Wundt is the distinguishing character of consciousness

      Wundt's process here seems to be much closer to how we treat psychology today versus what Brentano had in mind, even though we're on the path to philosophy and psychology intermingling even further. It's interesting to see just how close these two were, but still on two different paths.

    7. Even in cases where the content of a psychical phenomenon is not physical. but is another psychical phenomenon, the distinction holds good. For the act which becomes content or object of another act is not thereby deprived of its essential character; it is still active in its own right; and it is therefore by no means confusable with bare physical appearance.

      Reminds me of the philosophical journey Rene Descartes went though, trying to rationalize his beliefs from the ground up.

    8. psychologise in different ways

      Here we can really begin to see the way Wundt took a much more "scientific" approach to psychology, while Brentano, it seemed, was much more logically and philosophically based in his psychology.

    9. We may say, as a first approximation, that Brentano's psychology is essentially a matter of argument, and that Wundt's is essentially a matter of description.

      Interesting that Wundt's first approximation would be descriptive, but Brentano was the one who made the clear distinction between genetic psychology and descriptive psychology.

    10. So far there is agreement: and though the agreement is largely of a formal kind, and though a good deal of it has a negative ground in the reaction against Herbart, it serves nevertheless to mark out a common universe of discourse.

      So far, there is a basic agreement for foundational beliefs in what these two men believed psychology to be. Had the beliefs been too different, for instance like moral theory considerations in philosophy, where they can completely contradict one another, there may have been no room for exploration.

    11. We see, on the one hand, a man who has devoted his 'hours of solitary reflection' to ancient and mediaeval philosophy we see, on the other hand, a man who has wrought out In the laboratory his contributions to the latest-born of the experimental sciences.

      The distinction between the two lanes of thought is once again mentioned, showing that had someone else had a similar idea sooner and recorded it, or even one of these men were interested in slightly different things, modern psychology may not be what we have today.

    12. By 1874 he had definitely discarded this earlier view for the conception of psychology as an independent science.

      Important to note just 12 years after his first considerations of psychology, he deemed it worthy to be considered viable as its own independent science.

    13. In 1862 he had sought to lay the foundations of an 'experimental psychology' (the phrase now appears in print for the first time)

      As noted previously, it is interesting to see just how recently psychology started to be considered, stemming from other studies such as physiology and philosophy.

    14. preferred the spoken to the written word

      Important to note that, had more philosophical-turned-psychological thinkers, had the forethought to write more of their ideas down, the advancement of psychology may have happened differently.

    15. There is no middle way between Brentano and Wundt

      The description of the divergence between the two, Brentano and Wundt, within their paths of studying psychology, scientific and philosophical, defines an important point of in the development of modern psychology, clearly important to the history of Psychology.