Catherine’s understanding began to awake: an idea of the truth suddenly darted into her mind; and, with the natural blush of so new an emotion, she cried out, “Good heaven! My dear Isabella, what do you mean? Can you — can you really be in love with James?”
Isabella and Catherine seem to be madly in love with the men in their lives than they are with them.
A clean gown is not five minutes’ wear in them
Mrs Allen seem more concerned about her gowns than Catherine's safety.
Udolpho! Oh, Lord! Not I; I never read novels; I have something else to do.”
so it was the women who enjoyed novel-reading in those days
Now, had the same young lady been engaged with a volume of the Spectator, instead of such a work, how proudly would she have produced the book, and told its name; though the chances must be against her being occupied by any part of that voluminous publication, of which either the matter or manner would not disgust a young person of taste: the substance of its papers so often consisting in the statement of improbable circumstances, unnatural characters, and topics of conversation which no longer concern anyone living; and their language, too, frequently so coarse as to give no very favourable idea of the age that could endure it.
So the women were ashamed of reading novels in those days because of its contents...
she expatiated on the talents of her sons, and the beauty of her daughters
Again,women and beauty
his name was Tilney. He seemed to be about four or five and twenty, was rather tall, had a pleasing countenance, a very intelligent
The men are all portrayed as intelligent while they women as just well mannered.
Mrs. Allen, that the reader may be able to judge in what manner her actions will hereafter tend to promote the general distress of the work, and how she will, probably, contribute to reduce poor Catherine to all the desperate wretchedness of which a last volume is capable — whether by her imprudence, vulgarity, or jealousy — whether by intercepting her letters, ruining her character, or turning her out of doors.
why take the girl on a supposed fun trip and end up becoming hostile to her.
Dress was her passion.
Another female with superficial goal.
Catherine, who had by nature nothing heroic about her, should prefer cricket, baseball, riding on horseback, and running about the country at the age of fourteen, to books — or at least books of information — for, provided that nothing like useful knowledge could be gained from them, provided they were all story and no reflection, she had never any objection to books at all.
I'm wondering why she would prefer books of no value to educational ones. She doesn't like books of information.Strange.
she had now the pleasure of sometimes hearing her father and mother remark on her personal improvement. “Catherine grows quite a good–looking girl — she is almost pretty today,” were words which caught her ears now and then; and how welcome were the sounds
Reminds me of what Wollstonecraft wrote about women and the love for superficial goal,her parents remarks on her looks made excited her greatly. I know both sexed love to be complimented on their looks but women seem to enjoy it the more.
“Think no more of him,” interrupted Manfred; “he was a sickly, puny child, and Heaven has perhaps taken him away, that I might not trust the honours of my house on so frail a foundation
Yet Manfred wanted Conrad to marry Isabella, I wonder how he sees or values the women.
She was too well acquainted with her father’s impetuosity to venture a second intrusion.
Both Matilda and her mother must have lived in great fear....
It was in vain for the youth to represent against this preposterous sentence: in vain did Manfred’s friends endeavour to divert him from this savage and ill-grounded resolution.
I think Manfred went too hard on the young man because he was a peasant,even they youths confirmed that his observation was correct. The helmet that killed Conrad,resembled the one in the church.
As little was he attentive to the ladies who remained in the chapel. On the contrary, without mentioning the unhappy princesses, his wife and daughter, the first sounds that dropped from Manfred’s lips were, “Take care of the Lady Isabella.”
Manfred doesn't seem to have any kind of affection towards of the women,including his wife.
Manfred had contracted a marriage for his son with the Marquis of Vicenza’s daughter, Isabella; and she had already been delivered by her guardians into the hands of Manfred, that he might celebrate the wedding as soon as Conrad’s infirm state of health would permit.
Why would Isabelle be delivered to Manfred to be married to his sickly son? I see this as a form of oppression.
but rather qualify you to do it the greatest Good, and be a Seminary to stock the Kingdom with pious 49 and prudent Ladies, whose good Example it is to be hop’d, will so influence the rest of their Sex, that Women may no longer pass for those little useless and impertinent Animals, which the ill conduct of too many has caus’d ’em to be mistaken for.
Women are more than sex objects.
When a poor Young Lady is taught to value her self on nothing but her Cloaths, and to think she’s very fine when well accoutred; When she hears say, that ’tis Wisdom enough for her to know how to dress her self, that she may become amiable in his eyes, to whom it appertains to be knowing and learned; who can blame her if she lay out her Industry and Money on such Accomplishments, and sometimes extends it farther than her 34 misinformer desires she should
Who do we blame regarding the misinformation given to women,that all there is to them is beauty and fine clothes,especially when they go all out investing their livelihood for it.
Wou’d a Woman, if she 29 truly understood her self, be affected either with the praises or calumnies of those worthless Persons, whose Lives are a direct contradiction to Reason, a very sink of corruption, by whom one wou’d blush to be commended, lest they shou’d be mistaken for Partners in or Connivers at their Crimes?
If women truly understands their capabilities and strength,thy wouldn't live their lives trying to please the men.
Neither God nor Nature have excluded them from being Ornaments to their Families and useful in their Generation; there is therefore no reason they should be content to be Cyphers in the World, useless at the best, and in a little time a burden and nuisance to all about them.
Mary is telling women that they too were created to be ambitious and for the top like the men,so they should aspire for the best things of life like the men.
This is a Matter infinitely more worthy your Debates, than what Colours are most agreeable, or what’s the Dress becomes you best. Your Glass will not do you half so much service as a serious 7 reflection on your own Minds, which will discover Irregularities more worthy your Correction, and keep you from being either too much elated or depress’d by the representations of the other. ’
I believe this is like a wake up call to women,persuading women to wards self actualization which is beyond beauty.Mary seems to be saying that they women need to transformation through the renewing of their mindset,because if women knew what possibilities the carry,they will carry themselves differently with so much pride.
indicative mood
Is a form of verb that either indicates or denies a fact from the perspective of the speaker.In such sentences,the verb will express some sort of action as a statement of fact.
That means that English has only two tenses: present and past.
This is a very surprising to me. So what about the tenses?
modal verbs.
They are auxiliary or helping verbs too and they add meaning to a sentence by expressing possibility,ability,permission or obligation.
How many tenses does English have?
I had to use goggle to e sure because before now,I thought it was juts three but now i know we have more than sixteen types of tenses in English.
auxiliaryverbs.
Auxiliary verbs are also called helping verbs,usually goes with the main verb to help express the main verb's tense,mood,emphasis etc.
nominal,
Is defined as a category used to group together nouns and adjectives based on shared properties.
The mistake was not that of Liberia but of its president, and yet we find the ‘s inflection at the end of the whole phrase and not attached to the head noun, president. Indeed, in informal varieties of English, the word to which the ‘s attaches doesn’t even have to be a noun:
This explanation makes sense to me.Simple and straight.
(9) The guy I was talking to’s resume
Is this sentence correct? I've never seen to's used in a sentence.
genitive:
Example..Men....Men's room-genitive case
genitive:
Are relating to or denoting a case of nouns and pronouns (and words in grammatical agreement with them)indicating possession or close association.
If we want to count mass nouns, we must add a count noun to specify the quantity (two glasses of milk).
I get this.....Example...Two bottles of water. A cup of tea, A bag of rice.
Common nouns
So, Count Nouns are nouns that can be used both as singular and plural in a sentence.(You can count them and make each of them plural. Example,.Dog, Dogs
Some here should be read as the unstressed determiner with the meaning “an unspecified quantity,” not the stressed word, which often means something like “a remarkable” (e.g., “She is some tennis player.”)
I don't understand this at all.
Noun phrases
Is a word or group of words that functions in a sentence as subject,object or prepositional object.
adjuncts
Is a word or phrase or clause used to modify the meaning of another word or words in a sentence but yet can be omitted without making the sentence ungrammatical.
(4) Bob kicked John.
This makes sense to me. So John,(Object)in this sentence is what gives the sentence a complete meaning. Bob Kicked....
Transitive Verbs (VT)
Transitive verb is a verb that is usually followed by an object.(Noun,pronoun or phrase. The opposite of a T.V is Intransitive Verb and Intransitive verbs requires no object.
A book describing the rules of grammar of a language.
A book describing the rules of grammar of a language is called Reference grammar or simply Grammar.such rules includes phonology,morphology,and syntax and often complemented by phonetics,semantics and pragmatics..(Wikipedia) The study of words and their functions and relations in the sentence is called Grammar.(Merriam-Webster's dict)
“orthographic”
A set of conventions for writing a language.It includes norms for spelling,capitalization,word breaks,punctuation,emphasis etc
Phrases
A phrase is not a complete sentence but a group of small words standing together as a conceptual unit,typically forming a component of a clause.
When we analyze a sentence, we take it apart to determine what function each unit in the sentence has. This process is known as parsing a sentence.
In simple terms,Parsing is the analyzing of a sentence into parts and describing their syntactic roles.
There are still many good reasons to learn something about syntax
The main reason is that,the syntax properties of a sentence enables the learner to understand the patterns of a language effectively and clearly.
deixis.
A word or phrase...This,that,those,these...
lexical categories and functional categories.
So functional categories as oppose to lexical categories are elements which have purely grammatical meanings.
It is true that “parts of speech” is misleading if we take the expression literally, as components of language. Clearly, there are many more parts to language than word categories. On the other hand, “part of speech”, as a term of art, differs little in its basic meaning from category.
So,is there really a difference between parts of speech and word category?
See, for example, Goold Brown, The Grammar of English Grammars, 6th ed. (1862), who argues for ten parts of speech.
I'm really surprised at this,because, I have always believed there were just Eight parts of speech.
canonical
The most basic form of English sentences.
It is true that “parts of speech” is misleading if we take the expression literally, as components of language. Clearly, there are many more parts to language than word categories. On the other hand, “part of speech”, as a term of art, differs little in its basic meaning from category.
So, is there really a difference between Parts of speech and Word category??
Children seem biologically primed to acquire a language as part of their development and lose this ability as they mature. What is this biological basis of language? Are there basic similarities among languages that make it easier for children to master them, or do languages vary without limit?
There are some basic similarities in language as well as some variations or differences, but, I, believe it's easier for children to learn a language because children are easily influenced and they are desperate for a means of communication, so they learn as soon as they can.
This contrast between children and adults suggests that there is something biological to language, that it is not just an arbitrary invention of human cultures.
Biological...I believe that just like culture,Its way of life and identification.Language is part of life.It is hard to learn or get over when you get to a certain stage or age.
Henry Kissinger, a professor and former Secretary of State whose written English is sophisticated and complex, betrays his German origins every time he speaks. And he immigrated to the United States at the age of 15.
This is so relatable,because I also have family members who immigrated from Nigeria to the United States at a very young age and now can't speak our local language at all .
By the time children reach school age, they have already mastered the basic structures and vocabulary of their native language, even if their parents give them no special instruction.
So true..
Children can learn any language they are exposed to.
So true even without a formal learning.
phonology,
The branch of linguistic that deals with system of sounds within a language or between different languages.Including or excluding phonetics.
Most weren’t filling the margins of students papers with trivial corrections or prioritizing grammatical correctness over the expression of ideas
Exactly, my point in my first annotation.Most teachers pay greater attention to the grammar than the message been communicated which I think is wrong.
'Drive Slowly'
This to me is correct,
So what is right and wrong in language, and who decides?
I don't think there is any right or wrong grammar, as long as it is been understood.Because,if we say otherwise,then by what measure do we say this is right or wrong.Our grammar in Nigeria is somewhat different to what we have here,yet it doesn't mean one is good or the other bad or not so good.
Descriptive vs. Prescriptive Grammar
These are the two types of grammar. Descriptive is a set of rules about language based on how it is actually used.There is no right or wrong here while Prescriptive grammar is a set of rules based on how people think language should be used. I believe no grammar is wrong as long as it is understood, because If otherwise, what would be the standard to mark others as wrong.
Word structure is the act of breaking up words into their component parts.Also,students learn how to deconstruct words in word structure.
morphology,
Morphology is the structure and construction of words.One needs the understanding and use of the appropriate structure of a word such as word roots,prefixes and affixes otherwise called Morphemes.
People often think of grammar as a matter of arbitrary pronouncements (defining 'good' and 'bad' language), usually negative ones
Grammar is the way we use words in a language. And,I believe that that are some grammatical errors in English language,especially when doing a formal writing,but I don't there's such thing as grammatical error when the communication is verbally,as long as the message is understood.
Hi all...testing
"It is well. I go; but remember, I shall be with you on your wedding-night."
The monster then decides to leave Victor with the promise of visiting him on his wedding night.
As I looked on him, his countenance expressed the utmost extent of malice and treachery. I thought with a sensation of madness on my promise of creating another like him, and, trembling with passion, tore to pieces the thing on which I was engaged. The wretch saw me destroy the creature on whose future existence he depended for happiness, and, with a howl of devilish despair and revenge, withdrew.
Victor upon seeing the monster, realized it was insane making him a female mate and victor destroyed it. This makes the monster angry.
He had sworn to quit the neighbourhood of man, and hide himself in deserts; but she had not; and she, who in all probability was to become a thinking and reasoning animal, might refuse to comply with a compact made before her creation. They might even hate each other; the creature who already lived loathed his own deformity, and might he not conceive a greater abhorrence for it when it came before his eyes in the female form? She also might turn with disgust from him to the superior beauty of man; she might quit him, and he be again alone, exasperated by the fresh provocation of being deserted by one of his own species.
Although, the monster has promised to go far from Victor once he gets a female mate, but Victor was worried that what if both monsters ended up not liking each other, or the male monster doesn’t like the his mate, he was still going to continue causing havoc.
As I sat, a train of reflection occurred to me, which led me to consider the effects of what I was now doing. Three years before I was engaged in the same manner, and had created a fiend whose unparalleled barbarity had desolated my heart, and filled it for ever with the bitterest remorse. I was now about to form another being, of whose dispositions I was alike ignorant; she might become ten thousand times more malignant than her mate, and delight, for its own sake, in murder and wretchedness.
Victor thought about the havoc of the monster he created was causing him and then thought of the outcome of creating a female mate.What if she turns out to be worst than the male monster in committing hideous acts.
that poetry should come as naturally as leaves to a tree, that poetry is the lava of the imagination, or that it is emotion recollected in tranquillity.
I think they were trying to say that writing doesn’t require much intellect since it’s something that the inspiration happens just by been calm.
Intention is design or plan in the author’s mind. Intention has obvious affinities for the author’s attitude toward his work, the way he felt, what made him write.
I believe it means that the intentions of the poet is the foundation of the poet meaning that if the author has good intentions then they come up with good work.