only nine percent of high school students in an Advanced Placement history course were able to see through MinimumWage.com’s language to determine that it was a front group for a D.C. lobbyist,
This example shows how difficult it is to recognize bias, and it also shows that they probably don't want you to know the bias and try to hide it.
Our “digital natives” may be able to flit between Facebook and Twitter while simultaneously uploading a selfie to Instagram and texting a friend. But when it comes to evaluating information that flows through social media channels, they are easily duped
Digital natives is a very interesting phrase that I had never heard before. Nevertheless, being born into technology doesn't make you immune to receiving misinformation or give you the ability to evaluate what you see. It’s practically dangerous in social media since you are not there to critically assess what you see or read, so you often skip the step of thinking.
analyzed 7,804 student responses. Our sites for field-testing included under-resourced, inner-city schools in Los Angeles and well-resourced schools in suburbs outside of Minneapolis. Our college assessments, which focused on open web searches, were administered online at six different universities that ranged from Stanford, an institution that rejects 94% of its applicants, to large state universities that admit the majority of students who apply.
It's good to know the time period and the diverse selection for the study; it provides the reader with perspective.
By high school, we would hope that students reading about gun laws would notice that a chart came from a gun owners’ political action committee. And,
This example is very relevant and gives a great example of how important it is to learn how to evaluate sources. Knowing how to evaluate studies and sources is very important to learn at a young age.
At the professional level, annotated bibliographies allow you to see what has been done in the literature and where your own research or scholarship can fit. To help you formulate a thesis
Knowing the discourse on the topic you are trying to write about is very important. By creating an annotated bibliography, you can achieve that. When the time comes to write your paper, your work will be more informative, making the writing process easier and faster.
Assess:
Assessing the summarized source is important and can determine if you are using the source or not, but is there a way to assess the source before summarizing it to save time?
s a summary and/or evaluation of each of the sources.
This section insists that an annotated bibliography goes beyond listing sources. It provides insights or evaluations, helping researchers understand the value and relevance of each source to the overall project.
annotated bibliography
I preferred how they explained "annotated bibliography" in this article compared to "Annotated Bibliography Guidelines." They began by explaining each part separately, which helped a lot.
You may not ever get your annotated bibliography published, but as aresearcher, you might want to look for one that has been published about your topic
If the annotated bibliography isn't published with the research, how would I find it? Is there a website like Google Scholar, and how do I know if one exists?
you're forced to read each source more carefully. You begin to read more critically instead of just collecting information.
Reading to write an annotated bibliography can be very beneficial for your own writing because it encourages critical engagement with the text. However, this process can feel excessive and time-consuming, particularly when searching for sources. Is there a quicker way to determine whether a source is worth the time to write an annotation?
The length of annotations can vary according to the type of project and the requirements of the teacher
How do I know what type of projects need a lengthy annotation and what doesn’t? Is it related to the length of the project?
An annotated bibliography is a bibliographic list of sources, accompanied by a summary and/or evaluation of each source. This summary and/or evaluation is called an “annotation.”
It took me a few reads to understand what an "annotated bibliography" is. The term was new to me, but from my understanding, it serves to summarize the sources used, providing the reader with basic knowledge about them.
By reminding readers of the ideas you’re responding to, return sentences ensure that your text maintains a sense of mission and urgency from start to finish.
I think this helps remind the reader what the main goal of what they are reading is and makes the writing feel more structured, clear, and complete.
r. X’s work was very important—was clear enough, but why did the speaker need to make it in the first place? Did anyone dispute it? Were there commentators in the field who had argued against X’s work or challenged its value? Was the speaker’s interpretation of what X had done somehow novel or revolutionary? Since the speaker gave no hint of an answer to any of these questions, we could only wonder why he was going on and on about X
I am writing this comment after finishing the chapter. I really like that it started with this story; it's a brilliant way to represent the idea. I also believe that if Dr. X had summarized the opposing views early on, the presentation would have been more compelling.
Starting with a summary of others’ views may seem to con-tradict the common advice that writers should lead with their own thesis or claim
It's interesting how unsell this advice is, but I think starting with summarizing the other views is received best by people with the other view.
Perhaps the point was clear to other sociologists in the audience who were more familiar with the debates over Dr. X’s work than we were
Not exactly related, but I noticed that in some classes, the instructor starts the semester without laying the groundwork for what we will be discussing. They dive deep into the topic, leaving many students confused and unable to understand what is being said. It's important to write in a way that everyone can understand, even if it means starting with small concepts. This approach can help readers conduct their own research on the topic and return with a better background for understanding the material.
You may cite some corroborating personal experience, or a situation not mentioned by X that her views help readers understand.
Adding your personal experience to support a point or introduce a new angle to the conversation can be a valuable contribution to the discussion and support your stand.
believing game
I like the concept of the "believing game" where I take the shoes of the original author and write from his perspective fairly, even if planning to disagree with his thoughts later.
then sum-marizing others’ arguments is central to your arsenal of basic moves. Because writers who make strong claims need to map their claims relative to those of other people,
It's important to summarize other views before presenting your own for two reasons: one is to understand other perspectives and be in a position to give your "say," and the other is that it's expected as a way of strengthening your arguments in an academic conversation.
he central rhetorical move that we focus on in this book is the “they say / I say” template that gives our book its title.
It took me a minute to understand what the title meant. Now I see that it means how to have your own opinion and express your 'say' without being greatly influenced by what others 'say,' which I think is very difficult to manage. I hope reading this could help with that.
Mapping is a visual tool that can help you organize and understand what you are reading.
I don't think there is anything as effective as mapping to summarize and simplify a subject. I find it really useful for understanding and memorizing.
reading aloud highlights each word as you hear it, and paraphrasing requires that you not only hear all the words but also translate them into your own words.
I know a lot of people use the method of reading out loud to help them focus and memorize the text. However, this doesn't work for me. I end up focusing on how I sound when reading the text out loud. What helps me though is having a note and just writing random words of what I'm reading. This helps me stay focused and keep track of what I'm reading.
Fig. 4.2. Example of a narrow search-engine search for “junk food and cancer”
I really like the example given about narrow research. I enjoy the process of starting from a broad point and diving deeper and deeper into the subject, going down the rabbit hole, and ending up with a really interesting destination to write something special and specific.
Broad searches can be use- ful, though, especially when you are starting a project; they let you see the different ways the subject is approached and the perspectives from which others have considered it.
It's important to start with broad research about the subject to see how people write about it and the different opinions on the subject. I do this with almost every research; I even like to watch videos about the subject.
Lost really has two disparate meanings. Losing things is about the familiar falling away, getting lost is about the unfamiliar appearing.
I like this statement; I never thought of it this way. That losing and getting lost are very different. Losing is mostly negative, but getting lost could result in great outcomes.
to be lost is to be fully present, and to be fully present is to be capable of being in uncertainty and mystery.
"Lost" is not necessarily negative. Being lost makes you fully present because you are trying to find a way from the lost state. It becomes a part of discovery.
There’s nothing we can’t make into a story. There’s not anything that isn’t already one.
I like the final statement, and I agree that everything can be made into a story if done right and has the potential to be part of a meaningful narrative.
Digression, I’ve always thought, gets a bad rap. The word itself implies that there’s a proper gress from which one has strayed, that every life is a line. But surely linearity is something we impose only afterward, when it’s time to make a narrative, when it’s time to comb out our gresses and untangle them into something we can call progress or congress
This is in contrast to the idea that we should think linearly and focus on one thing. Instead, we should allow ourselves to wander in thought and action, as it can lead to unexpected insights, ideas, and understanding.
You know and I know that the country is celebrating one hundred years of freedom one hundred years too early. We cannot be free until they are free. G
He connected Black liberation with the freedom of white Americans, emphasizing that true freedom is shared and connected.
But these men are your brothers, your lost younger brothers, and if the word "integration" means anything, this is what it means, that we with love shall force our brothers to see themselves as they are, to cease fleeing from reality and begin to change it, for this is your home, my friend. Do not be driven from it. Great men have done great things here and will again and we can make America what America must become.
I think the message he is trying to convey to his nephew is that the white Americans are like his lost brothers. He wants his nephew to look at them with understanding, to understand why they think the way they do. He thinks that from their ignorance, and by understanding where they come from, he could help them and they could be liberated from their racism.
I know what the world has done to my brother and how narrowly he has survived it and I kn
I am not sure if he's really talking about his actual brother. If that's not the case, I think he is talking about the systemic racism against black men and the lasting emotional scars left behind.
Moving from silence into speech is for the oppressed, the colonized,the exploited, and those who stand and struggle side by side a gesture ofdefiance that heals, that makes new life and new growth possible. It is thatact of speech, of “talking back,” that is no mere gesture of empty words,that is the expression of our movement from object to subject—the liberatedvoice.
Speaking is a way of breaking the chains of oppression. She comes to that conclusion from her personal experience, but also recognizes that throughout history, speaking has been a double-edged sword used to silence people and to liberate them.
Writing was a way to capture speech
I like that she discovered her voice through writing, which is liberating.
invite punishment
In most cultures, talking back as a child is deemed disrespectful, which I agree with to some extent. However, completely silencing a child's voice and preventing them from speaking their minds could have very negative consequences for the child's future and confidence in his adult life.
his isn’t an essay about whether Morgellons disease is real. That’s probably obvious by now. It’s an essay about what kinds of reality are considered prerequisites for compassion
I am not sure how to feel about this, but it might have been better if the writer left it to the reader to decide or understand by themselves what the article is about.
They didn’t know what this stuff was, or where it came from, or why it was there, but they knew — and this was what mattered, the important word
This sentence shows the conflict that the writer is having throughout the article on what reality is since science says it's not true, but to them, it's reality; they feel it.
The Internet, among other mass media, as well as the language habitsof America’s ever-growing diverse ethnic populations, be affecting howeverybody talk and write now, too
I think this enviable, that one way of speaking will be more dominant than the other especially in how connected the world is right now
It be theway folks with some power perceive other people’s language. Like theway some view, say, Black English when used in school or at work. BlackEnglish don’t make it own-self oppressed. It be negative views aboutother people usin they own language, like what Fish express in his NYTblog, that make it so
I agree that people shouldn't feel conflicted about speaking in their dialect. I am not one to speak on how things go in the U.S. workplace and what language is expected and accepted. But in Oman, you are expected to speak in a somewhat formal way to make communication easier with people of different backgrounds.
Dominant language ideology say peeps can say whateva theheck they want, howeva they want to—BUT AT HOME
I am not entirely sure how to feel about this. It's great that you use your natural way of speaking in your writing, but I think it could be quite challenging for English learners or non-Americans in general to read the paper without feeling confused about the meaning of some words.
When students are writing for a teacher, writing becomes moreproblematic than it is for the students who are describing baseballto a Martian.
I think this is true for everyone: changing the way you write or not really giving your true opinion to fit the teacher's expectations and values if you knew them.
It is very hard for them to take on the role-thevoice, the person-of an authority whose authority is rooted inscholarship, analysis, or research.
I like that Bartholomae talked about the difficulty students face in adopting an authoritative academic voice. He suggests that students not only need to be good at a subject but also need to mimic someone, which shouldn't be the case. Instead, they should focus on being themself.
very time a student sits down to write for us, he has to inventthe university for the occasion-invent the university, that is, ora branch of it, like History or Anthropology or Economics orEnglish.
Great introduction, highlighting the challenge students face in "inventing" the university each time they write, and setting the tone for the rest.
The vines dry, rot, are plowed under. Growth, death,decay, birth. The soil prepared again and again, impregnated,Worked on. A constant changing of forms, renacimientos de latierra madre
I liked the ending. It shows that the people are tied to the land not only physically but also spiritually and culturally and that their tie is renewed to the land in a cycle, just like the cycle of life.
Chicano Spanish is not incorrect, itis a living language
I like the pride she has toward her language and not accepting it as anything but an independent language of its own. In Oman, we have a small isolated town by the mountain, and the only way to get to it is by sea. The people of this town speak a language that is a mix of Arabic, English, Portuguese, Spanish, and a few other words from different languages. However, the people who speak it think of it as one unique language called Kumzari.
Apart from what any critic had to say about my writing, I knew I had succeeded where it counted when mymother finished reading my book and gave me her verdict: "So easy to read."
I totally agree with her. I think conveying your message in the easiest way is better than complicating it to make it appealing to critics.
Not waste money that way.
In Oman, there is a large number of expats from South Asia. I often find myself speaking a mix of broken Arabic and some words of Urdu, the way they usually speak Arabic. If someone from the same background speaks perfect Arabic, I can't help but start speaking broken Arabic. I believe the reason they don't speak normal Arabic is that everyone speaks broken Arabic with them from day one.
I spend a great deal of my time thinking about the power of language -- the way itcan evoke an emotion, a visual image, a complex idea, or a simple truth
I believe that language plays a significant role in shaping our thoughts, and it can impact the way we think and express our feelings. I express my feelings slightly differently in English than in my native language, Arabic.
self~determination -the decision to define ourselves, name ourselves, and speak for ourselves, in~ stead of being defined and spoken for by others.
Self-determination is the fundamental act of reclaiming your identity and taking control of your life
warrior
I couldn't annotate page 41, but this is what I wanted to note: paragraph two "My silences had not protected me. Your silence will not protect you."
This statement is very true. Silence can be helpful in the short term, but in the long run, choosing to stay silent can have negative repercussions. Life is too short to spend it in silence.
And of course I am afraid, because the transformation of silence into language and action is an act of self~revelation, and that always seems fraught with danger.
She implies that this fear is necessary and must be embraced to achieve the change she strives for, which is something everyone needs to understand and work through.
publication information, and rhetorical highlightsof the selectio
Biographical context and publication information help to ease the reader into the text. Knowing who the writer is and their purpose makes it easier to connect with the text.
follow the five step
These five steps make the reading process less overwhelming and more structured.
Questions to Ask Yourself as You Read
Asking questions while reading seems like a good strategy to stay engaged and understand more. Developing the habit of questioning the writer’s purpose and methods can be very helpful for understanding what I am reading.
fter reading an essay, most people feel more confident talking about the content of the piece than about the writer’s styl
I don’t yet understand the concept of active reading, but learning about the style of writing seems like an interesting idea and could truly help understand a piece.
. I will expect you to treat your classmates with kindness, respect, and understanding. I will expect them to treat you in the same way
Even though this should be a given, I appreciate the reminder. I think those values are important for everyone in the class to have a great experience.
Interview
I am a bit confused about the interview. Are we required to write 500 words for an assignment, or do we need to have at least 500 words of the essay to make one?
48 hours before the due date.
Knowing that the class has this policy makes it more relaxing.