A Formal Model – The Statistical Learning Framework
The learners's Input * Domain set * Label set * Training data
The learner's Output
Data generation model
Measures of success
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Types of Learning
Learning is interaction between learner and environment
Supervised * Spam email detection * Labelled data
Unsupervised * No distinction between training and test data * Clustering data into subsets of similar objects
Reinforcement learning * Based on reward/punishment on the output result
Active learner * Interacts with the environment at training time * Pose queries or perform experiments
Passive learner * Observes information provided by the environment * Does not influence or direct it
Online vs Batch learning protocol * The key distinction between online and batch learning is whether the learner must respond immediately during the learning process (online) or can first process large amounts of data before outputting conclusions (batch).
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When Do We Need Machine Learning?
Tasks that are too complex to program * Driving * Speech recognition * Image understanding
Tasks beyond human capabilities * Astronomical data * Turning medical archives into medical knowledge * Weather prediction * Analysis of Genomic data
Adaptivity: Changes over time with change in environment/input
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We conclude that one distinguishing feature between the bait shyness learningand the pigeon superstition is the incorporation of prior knowledge that biasesthe learning mechanism
Prior knowledge biases the learning mechanism
This is referred to as inductive bias
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while temporal correlationbetween food and nausea can be causal, it is unlikely that there would be acausal relationship between food consumption and electrical shocks or betweensounds and nausea
Prior knowledge of causation relationship is important in learning. Correlation alone is not sufficient.
This is to avoid superstitious learning in machine
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formal-mathematical understanding ofthis concept,
- What is the training data our programs will access?
- How can the process of learning be automated?
- How can we evaluate the success of such a process?
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www.cs.huji.ac.il www.cs.huji.ac.il
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When Do We Need Machine Learning?
Tasks that are too complex to program * Driving * Speech recognition * Image recognition
Task beyond Human Capabilities * Astronomical Data * Turning medical archives into medical knowledge * Weather prediction * Analysis of genomic data
Adaptivity: Can change over time by adapting to the changes in environment they interact with
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Suppose we would like to program a machine thatlearns how to filter spam e-mails
- Machine memorize previous emails that has been labeled by human user as spam emails.
- Search a new arrived email in the SET of previous spam emails.
- If it matches one of them, it trashes it. otherwise it is moved to the user's inbox.
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- Aug 2025
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second moments of area of a section
- What is the second moment of Area?
- What is the product second moment of Area?
- What is the principal second moment of Area?
- Explain the statement "With a knowledge of Ixx, Iyy and Ixy for a given section, the principal values may be determined using either Mohr’s or Land’s circle construction."
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mycatholic.life mycatholic.life
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Lord, increase my sufferings, and with them increase Your love in my heart… Apart from the cross there is no other ladder by which we may get to Heaven. ~Saint Rose of Lima
Quote
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The life of Saint Rose of Lima reveals many things to us
Lessons * It takes great holiness to discover the sweetness of penances. * The "good life" is discovered only in the act of divine union * Greatest impact in the world is made when we completely give ourselves over to service of God so that He works through us.
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at the age of thirty-one, Jesus took her to Himself where she could live forever as one with Him.
- Died at the age of thirty-one
- Predicted the day of her own death
- Canonised after around fifty years
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Rose became a saint because she entered into divine union, the seventh mansion, or what has been called ‘spiritual marriage’ with her Savior.
- Became saint as she entered divine union with her saviour.
- Had divine experiences and Ecstasies
- Experienced exceptionally painful spiritual dryness
- This interior cross produced good fruit of perseverance and fidelity, consequently deepening her divine union.
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Her hut, or hermitage, became a place in which Rose engaged in charitable works.
- Engaged in charitable works
- Supported her family
- Emulated Saint Catherine of Siena
- (Penances) Slept on hard floor, wore crown of thorns and fasted.
- Went to mass daily and adored blessed sacrament
- Became lay member of the third order of Saint Dominic
- Wore chain of spikes around her waist
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She was concerned that her beauty was a distraction, and even a temptation, to others. Her remedy was to cut off her beautiful hair to make herself less attractive. She also rubbed pepper on her face and lime juice on her hands to make her skin less appealing to young men.
- Cut her beautiful hair
- Rubbed pepper on her face and lime juice on hands to make her skin less appealing
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At the age of eleven, she received the Sacrament of Confirmation and formally took the name Rose.
- Received sacrament of confirmation at 11years of age
- Took the name of Rose.
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Today’s saint, Saint Rose of Lima, was born in the capital city of the newly established Viceroyalty of Peru, governed by the Kingdom of Spain, fifty-five years after the first Spanish conquerors arrived and began colonizing the territory.
- Saint Rose of Lima was born in Peru, governed by the Kingdom of Spain
- Fifty-five years after spanish conquerors arrived and colonized the territory.
- Birth Name: Isabel Flores de Oliva
- Nickname: Rose after family servant says she saw her transformed into Rose
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In 1532, Spanish explorers arrived in modern-day Peru.
- 1532, covetous spanish explorers arrived in modern day Peru to covet available silver and Gold.
- 1537, Pope Paul III Issued papal bull named Sublimus Deus which Highlighted the Intrinsic dignity of the natives
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catholic-daily-reflections.com catholic-daily-reflections.com
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Jesus did this first by becoming Incarnate in the womb of His dear mother
Jesus' Incarnation is the perfect exemplification of the virtue of humility. It was an act of complete selfless service to humanity
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Humility is the greatest form of service we can render another.
What is humility? * I acknowledge my limitations, weakness and fault without seeking to exalt myself over others. * I act with modesty, simplicity and goodness. Always keeping in mind the good of others before myself.
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Greatness is found in servanthood
- The ideal life is the greatest life
- Greatness is found in servant hood/humble service
- What is humble service? It is the act of selflessly serving others without seeking recognition or reward.
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If you were to plan out the ideal future for yourself, what would it look like?
- What is your desire in life; your driving force?
- It should not be indulgence in pleasures.
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catholic-daily-reflections.com catholic-daily-reflections.com
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However, we give varying reasons to not accept His invitations
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God constantly invites us to deeper union with Him through participation in the Church
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The first level of rejection is indifference
Mode of rejection Business Smartphones Computers and tablets Workaholics
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The opposite of being indifferent is to care and to care deeply about going to the wedding feast when invited.
Ideal christian attitude to the invitation
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growing hostility toward the Church and morality.
Hostility mode of rejection
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wedding is the marriage between Christ and the Church.
The Church is the Bride of Christ
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