The two nations agreed to a cease-fire on August 12 and formally signed the Treaty of Paris in December.

group who were on the move during the Depression, lured by news and rumors of jobs in far-flung regions of the country. Men from all over the country

Beginning in 1932, severe droughts hit from Texas to the Dakotas and lasted until at least 1936.

“Hoovervilles,” spontaneous shantytowns that dotted America’s cities, depending on bread lines and street-corner peddling.

fifteen-thousand unemployed veterans and their families converged on Washington, D.C. to petition for a bill authorizing immediate payment of cash bonuses to veterans of World War I that were originally scheduled to be paid out in 1945. Given the economic hardships facing the country, the bonus came to symbolize government relief for the most deserving recipients.

President Woodrow Wilson declared his support for the women’s suffrage amendment, and two years later women’s suffrage became a reality.

organization’s leaders described her as “unwomanly and unchristian.

pushed many young readers onto the road to reform.8 It led countless Americans to question the realities of American life in the nineteenth century:

hey were acquitted after less than two hours of deliberation

one of the few ways for many Native Americans to make a living in the late nineteenth century.

attracted Sioux bands who had already signed treaties but now joined to fight.15

omen’s labor became a contentious issue because few tribes divided labor according to the gender norms of middle- and upper-class Americans.

starve out the Dakota resistance, which continued to insist on Dakota sovereignty and treaty rights.

migrations in the midnineteenth century, first to Illinois, then Missouri and Nebraska, and finally into Utah Territor