Thomas Kuhn’s view of scientific change is that science does not progress smoothly or simply by accumulating facts. Instead, it advances through periodic revolutions that transform how scientists understand the world.

The attempt by a person to access indirectly the benefits of a tax agreement between two jurisdictions without being a resident of one of those jurisdictions

What is Participation Exemption? Participation exemption is a tax rule used in many countries that allows companies to avoid being taxed twice on profits received from their subsidiaries or shareholdings. In simple terms: ➡️ If a company owns shares in another company and receives dividends or sells those shares at a gain, those profits may be exempt from corporate tax. Why does it exist? Without participation exemption, the same profit could be taxed multiple times: The subsidiary earns profit → taxed once. The subsidiary pays dividends to the parent company → taxed again by the parent. If the parent sells its shares → the capital gain could be taxed again. Participation exemption prevents this double or triple taxation. Typical Requirements These depend on the country, but often include: Minimum ownership percentage (e.g., at least 5–10% of the subsidiary’s shares). Minimum holding period (e.g., at least 6 months or 1 year). The subsidiary cannot be a tax haven or involved in passive income abuse. The income must come from equity participation, not loans.

stays there temporarily for a longer period

Brook's law

Finance operation criteria

Depreciation for tangible assets

Depletion for natural resources

Amortization for intangible assets

We don’t know the value of information till it is revealed

Church

Doctor, lawyer

Regular boss

McDonald’s

Maximizing profit

Milk and yoghurt