While!Pakistan!was!created!with!the!intention!of!equal!rights!for!all!citizens,!ZiaEulEHaq’s! militaryEcoup! and! subsequent! presidency! from! 1977E1988! shifted! the! track!by!changing!many!of!these!laws.!In!line!with!his!notorious!Islamization!process,!Zia!believed! in! his! own! version! of!‘true! Islam’! and! there! in! implemented! the! Hudood!Ordinance!in!1979,!enforcing!Qur’anic!punishments!in!their!literal!form.

From!1956!onwards,!women!were!allowed!the!right!to!vote!in!national!elections!and!were!allotted! a! number! of! seats! in! the!Parliament.3(I

The! 1950sE1970s! were! progressive! years! for! women’s! rights! in! Pakist

Women's Rights in Pakistan: The Zina Ordinance& the Need for Reform

Minah Ali Rathore

When I turned 15, I married my husband, Fakhir, out of desperation. His mother asked for my hand in marriage as there was no one to cook in their home. I married for their convenience. I am Fakhir's second wife. He said he loves his first wife, Rukhsana, and has two children with her. I think he uses my salary to support her as well. Fakhir is unreliable, he goes to work sometimes, and takes the rest of my salary for gambling.

Westerners usually associate the plight of Pakistani women with religious oppression, but the reality is far more complicated. A certain mentality is deeply ingrained in strictly patriarchal societies like Pakistan. Poor and uneducated women must struggle daily for basic rights, recognition, and respect. They must live in a culture that defines them by the male figures in their lives, even though these women are often the breadwinners for their families

On the night of his birth, while my whole family was celebrating, I went to my uncle's house to get more bread. I didn't know a young man was there. In the empty home, he took advantage of me; he did things that I didn't understand; he touched my chest. Before I could realize, there was a cloth over my mouth and I was being raped. I was having trouble walking back home; I felt faint and I had a headache. This happens a lot in villages. Young girls are raped, murdered, and buried. No one is able to trace them after their disappearance. If a woman is not chaste, she is unworthy of marriage. All he did is ask for forgiveness and they let him go as it was best to avoid having others find out what had happened. He didn't receive any punishment even though he ruined me. People may have forgotten what he did, but I never forgot. Now, he is married and living his life happily. I blame my own fate; I am just unlucky that this happened to me.

Zara Jamal

According to a 2011 poll of experts by the Thomson Reuters Foundation Poll, Pakistan is the third most dangerous country for women in the world. It cited the more than 1,000 women and girls murdered in "honor killings" every year and reported that 90 percent of Pakistani women suffer from domestic violence.

To Be a Woman in Pakistan: Six Stories of Abuse, Shame, and Survival

In spite of many obstacles, the organization is able toclaim a number of achievements. In the absence of nationaldata and comprehensive studies of violence, it is not possi-ble to evaluate their overall impact on the prevalence of vio-lence in the society. It would be unrealistic to expect that oneorganization in any society, let alone Pakistan, would be ableto diminish such a pervasive problem. In fact, it can be arguedthat an increase in reported gender violence, a phenomenon

In Pakistan, their work iscrucial given the absence of concerted governmental effort todocument the prevalence of violence against women and lackof political will and appropriation of resources to address theissue (Shirkat Gah, 2007; WHO, 2002). In nearly 20 years ofexistence, Dastak has successfully projected women's issues tothe forefront of politics, have raised awareness about genderviolence, advocated for legal reform, and developed beneficialprograms that otherwise would be unavailable to women inPakistan. Shelter programs, often non-existent in resource-poorcountries, play a key role in enabling women to resist violenc

Multiple interrelated factors at individual, familial-cul-tural, community and environmental levels work against awoman becoming independent. Resettling women is report-ed as the most challenging work of the shelter because of thelimited employment and housing options, the low levels ofhuman capital of the women and an inhospitable commu-nity climate for women who live apart from family. During2007-2008 about 31% of the women (91) were resettled, gener-ally meaning that they obtained divorces and established newresidences. Staff works to develop linkages with employerssuch as factory owners, offices and households in need of do-mestic help. They also provide training in traditional femaleactivities such as sewing and handicraft making as incomegeneration strategies. Women's economic dependence and

According to data maintained by the organization, theshelter has admitted over 5,025 women since their inception in1990. From August 2007 to August 2008, a total of 296 womenwere admitted, accompanied by 165 children. Ninety-one ofthe women were married and accompanied by children, 169were married and arrived without children, and 36 were singleor divorced at the time of admission. During this period a ma-jority (172) of the residents were from the Lahore district, while122 came from other provinces of Pakistan, although at otherintervals there are often more women from distant areas. Twonon-Pakistani citizens were also served during this time. Themost frequent type of services provided were psychologicalcounseling (235 women) and free legal aid (155 women) whichprimarily included assistance with divorce, child custody andproperty or inheritance claims, in that order, although thebreakdown is not available. Over the course of the year, nineskills training courses, twenty awareness trainings and onetheatre workshop was provided

Gender-based violence constitutes a major public healthrisk and has been determined to be a serious violation ofbasic human rights throughout the world (World HealthOrganization [WHO], 2005; Amnesty International, 1999,2002).

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

FILOMENA M. CRITELLI

Critelli

Dwight Gar-ner ofThe New York Timespraises this quality in Koenig, suggestingit is what makesSerial“tick” and “glisten.” “Nonfiction genres, evenif seductively stylized, lend” an aura of authenticity to their content(Barnwell).Another qualitySerialandAmnesiashare is what Bonini calls theWeb site’s “Polaroid aesthetic.”Amnesia’s Web site, low-tech andamateur, helped convince listeners that Caccia was sincere in layingthe facts of his predicament before them (91)

My interest in it honestly has been you

see many problems with the state’s case. But then, I see many problems with Adnan’s story too. And so I start to doubt him, I talk to him and talk to him, and I start to doubt my doubts. And then I worry that I’m a sucker that I don’t know.

Then, we get out of our car, and walk over to where we think the payphone was. According to a sketch Jay made for the cops. There’s no phone booth there now.I just wantto pause here and talk about this phone booth for a minute. Weirdly, we have not been able to confirm it’s existence. The Best Buy employees I talked to did not remember a payphone back then. We spoke to the landlord at the time and to the property manager, they had no record of a payphone

Gauntlet so thrown, producer Dana Chivvis and I gave it a shot. We tried this drive, twice we tried in fact because, full disclosure, the first time we screwed it up. The second time, though, we were like a machine. So here we go. We’re at Woodlawn High School, Wednesday afternoon. After school announcements.

Shelbey Kerrigan