Atomic number 27 Atomic mass 58.9332 g.mol -1 Electronegativity according to Pauling 1.8 Density 8.9 g.cm-3 at 20°C Melting point 1495 °C Boiling point 2927 °C Vanderwaals radius 0.125 nm Ionic radius 0.078 nm (+2) ; 0.063 nm (+3) Isotopes 8 Electronic shell [ Ar ] 3d7 4s2 Energy of first ionisation 757 kJ.mol -1 Energy of second ionisation 1666.3 kJ.mol -1 Energy of third ionisation 3226 kJ.mol -1

In 2004 the Congolese military killed between seventy and one hundred civilians in the town of Kilwa, near Anvil Mining's Dikulushi mine, which resulted in legal proceedings against Anvil Mining in the DRC and Canada, investigations by the Australian Federal Police and by the World Bank Group's Office of the Compliance Advisor/Ombudsman.[citation needed]