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Militant Christian españoles colonized Hispaniola, Cuba, Puerto Rico, Mexico, andNew Mexico in the name of Spain’s Christian monarchs
Religion was the biggest tool in colonization and forcing colonial rule. it definitely shows its influence in todays day that its been mixed into many cultures.
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Many of the people of European ancestry who first colonized and settled what eventu-ally became the American Southwest migrated there from the Iberian Peninsula, fromwhat we now call Spain, but which in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries was a seriesof independent kingdoms that were gradually aggregated, most definitively by the 1469marriage of King Ferdinand of Aragón and Queen Isabella of Castile, which laid thefoundation for the emergence of modern Spain.
This reminds me the fact that Caribbean society emerged from the Spaniards colonization. With even more influence from different cultures due to the slave trade and plantation trade.
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“A ‘greaser’ was a Mexican— originating in the filthy, greasyappearance of the natives.
This was a derogatory slur and was weaponized by citizens and the government. Its crazy that it got turned into a act and a pass even though it has such a rough past.
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when news of Mexico’s independence reached New Mexico, Texas, and Califor-
Nationhood isnt very automatic since theres a lot of mixed identies.
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Anglos saw no apparent physical or cultural differencebetween the californios and Mexicans; both were alike
This reflect how the dominating groups often ignore the diversity in the marginalized group. This reminds me of how Asians got mixed together and not really viewed for their diversity.
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Above, we discussed the mid-nineteenth century origins of the word “Latino”as an English-language panethnicity that brings together, from below
This is imposed naming vs self naming because labels like Latino were used as empowerment while the government used Hispanic as a label.
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Calling someone a “Mexican” in 1850 was deeply insulting to a mexicano becausethe English word “Mexican” signified a dominated population, stigmatized by defeatand subordination.
This shows how powerful language is and how it can shift meanings through out the years. People took it and made it something new.
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The term mexicano began to appear in legal documents andcensus records only in the 1830s, and then, for only a small percentage of the popula-tion
This shows how it took a while for identities to form many people didn't associate with Mexico because that wasn't their origin
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The Spanish conquest and colonization of the Americas brought together men fromdifferent regions, and through their common experiences of warfare, established themas a victorious colonizing class.
This reinforces the fact that warfare is a unifying force and not just the spanish but also for other colonial power. They love developing connection through their love for dominonce.
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hispanoamericanos
A older identies for spanish american
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panethnicity
Panethnicity: involves the formation of inclusive group identities that arise from the merging of smaller national, regional, or tribal identities.
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ethnic category
Ethnic category: A classification of people based on shared cultural traits
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calidad
Calidad: Quality
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panethnicity
Panethnicity is a political neologism used to group various ethnic groups together based on their related cultural origins
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apocrypha
Apocryphal: of a story or statement) of doubtful authenticity, although widely circulated as being true.
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range of Latin American– origin immigrants in the United States.In this section we will also turn to the word “Hispanic,” which likewise entered ourvocabulary as an English-language word imposed from above, by the U.S. CensusBureau in 1980, to aggregate Latin American– origin peoples as a panethnic group.The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) defines a “Latino” (note that it is now an Englishword found in most American English dictionaries) as “A Latin-American inhabitantof the United States.” According to the OED, the word’s etymology is latinoamericano,which in Spanish means “Latin American.” The OED offers several historical uses ofthe word, starting in 1945 and running to 1974, when “Latino” entered popular parlanceamong English speakers.
Hispanic was imposed from above by the U.S. Census Bureau in 1980 and Latino emerged from below in activist movements of the 1970s. This reminds me the fact that there is a debate on what label the community should use came from the goverment and not the community itself.
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he emergence of ethnic labels that demarcatesocial boundaries occurs in different temporal registers, sometimes quite rapidly andother times more slowly
The act of naming is tied to the controling so colonizers force ethnic labels. The magrinilized groups resisted by making their own labels. The way the more dominant group imposes labels and names on the smaller of the two reminds me how the US tried to do the same and tell US who we are and tried to force tell many marginizled groups who they were and what they were. WHO are they to tell us who we are.
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Since the early 1970s, sociologists in the United States have been particularly fascinatedby the emergence of panethnicities, which are confederations created when several dis-tinct ethnic groups come together in alliance for social, economic, or cultural advan-tage, thereby augmenting their numeric power and influence around issues of commonconcern. During the late 1960s and early 1970s, for example, indigenous peoples suchas the Cherokee, the Apache, and the Menominee came to be understood sociologi-cally as “Native Americans
Panethnicities happen when the distinct ethnic groups unite for social, political advantage or economic advantage. The example of Native and Asian Americans adopting umbrella terms to connect their communities. This resonates with how the Latino identity has evolved for political power.
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Molly, who was clearly unfamiliar with this U.S.-based ethnic category, interpreted the question as best she could. She heard “Latina”not as one word but as two— la and Tina—interpreting “la” as “the,” and “Tina” as herfriend’s name. Indeed, her name was not Tina; it was Molly.This story of miscommunication across national borders, when repeated, frequentlyprovokes nervous laughter among Spanish/English bilingual speakers in the westernUnited States. It shows how the ethnic groups and categories that are known and oper-ate in one national space often make no sense when transported just a few miles northor south. When national regimes categorize populations, the very act of naming givesthem a living reality.Ethnic groups, whether deemed minorities in nation-states or simply identifiedas members of a subordinated and marginalized group in a given polity, have alwaysresisted and defied the easy classifications of their oppressors.
It highlights how ethnic categories often lose meaning across the borders especially when it comes to language and culture. They clump them together since they share similar traits but they aren't the same at all. It shows how ethnicity is not just an identify but also a construct shaped by policies and the language barrier.
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