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  1. May 2024
  2. scalar.lafayette.edu scalar.lafayette.edu
    Hydronarratives: The Indigenous People
    1
    1. Tarentino 06 May 2024
      The Human Development Index for the 100,000 residents was only 0.389 which is lower than the national average of 0.561 (which is already a low score)The gender-related and Human Poverty Development Indices are among the top ten worst in the nationThe life expectancy was less than 54 years, almost three years worse than the average for the nation

      Leauthaud, Crystele, Stéphanie Duvail, Olivier Hamerlynck, Jean-Luc Paul, Hubert Cochet, Judith Nyunja, Jean Albergel, and Olivier Grünberger. “Floods and Livelihoods: The Impact of Changing Water Resources on Wetland Agro-Ecological Production Systems in the Tana River Delta, Kenya.” Global Environmental Change 23, no. 1 (February 1, 2013): 252–63. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2012.09.003.

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  3. scalar.lafayette.edu scalar.lafayette.edu
    Hydronarratives: Environmental Impacts
    4
    1. Tarentino 06 May 2024
      Reduced sediment flow: “Sediment retention in the reservoirs results in the release of sediment-depleted water, which subsequently erodes downstream riverbanks and floodplains, thereby reducing the productivity of floodplain agriculture and pastoralism”. The effects of this have been apparent in the fact that the river has changed shape due to the increased sediment making it erode some of the river banks.

      Okuku, Eric O. “Role of a Cascade of Reservoirs in Regulating Downstream Transport of Sediment, Carbon and Nutrients; Case Study of Tropical Arid Climate Tana River Basin.” Lakes and Reservoirs 23, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 43–55. doi:10.1111/lre.12206.

    2. Tarentino 06 May 2024
      Less flowering: The dry conditions created by low river flows was a catalyst for plants to flower and fruit, but the low river flows don't really happen anymore thanks to the Masinga Dam.

      Maingi, John K., and Stuart E. Marsh. “Quantifying Hydrologic Impacts Following Dam Construction along the Tana River, Kenya.” Journal of Arid Environments 50, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 53. doi:10.1006/jare.2000.0860.

    3. Tarentino 06 May 2024
      What floods contribute: “[Floods] are the lifeline of Tana River County, supporting all livelihood activities in the Tana River. This is because floods replenish soils by depositing silt and decomposing plant matter, regenerating grasslands, riverine and mangrove forests, replenishing groundwater resources such as ox-bow lakes, and by desalinizing tidal floodplains”. Now imagine all this not happening as much.

      Okoko, Anita Nyapala. “The Legacy of Vulnerability to Floods in the Tana River, Kenya.” International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 71 (March 1, 2022): N.PAG. doi:10.1016/j.ijdrr.2022.102833.

    4. Tarentino 06 May 2024
      Less water: After the construction of the Masinga Dam, there has been a decreased amount of annually discharged water, there is less variability in the floods, and the water level is lowering.

      Maingi, John K., and Stuart E. Marsh. “Quantifying Hydrologic Impacts Following Dam Construction along the Tana River, Kenya.” Journal of Arid Environments 50, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 53. doi:10.1006/jare.2000.0860.

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    scalar.lafayette.edu/hydronarratives/environmental-impacts-1
  4. Apr 2024
  5. scalar.lafayette.edu scalar.lafayette.edu
    Hydronarratives: The Elite View
    3
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  6. scalar.lafayette.edu scalar.lafayette.edu
    Hydronarratives: The Pokomo
    2
    1. Tarentino 26 Apr 2024
      “Looking at his dwindling mango trees, the farmer worries the harvest will not be enough to provide for his five children. ‘Every year there is less water,’ he says, pointing at the murky Tana river which washes the shores of his village”

      Secorun, Laura. “​'I can't abandon my land': the livelihoods threatened by Kenya's Tana river​ plans​.” The Guardian, 12 December 2016, https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2016/dec/12/tana-river-kenya-dam-water-business. Accessed 2 April 2024.

    2. Tarentino 26 Apr 2024
      “Overnight, one informant would catch an average of 150–170, 10–20 and 5–10 fish with 200 hooks in the 1970s, 1980s and 2009, respectively”.

      Leauthaud, Crystele, Stéphanie Duvail, Olivier Hamerlynck, Jean-Luc Paul, Hubert Cochet, Judith Nyunja, Jean Albergel, and Olivier Grünberger. “Floods and Livelihoods: The Impact of Changing Water Resources on Wetland Agro-Ecological Production Systems in the Tana River Delta, Kenya.” Global Environmental Change 23, no. 1 (February 1, 2013): 252–63. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2012.09.003.

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  7. scalar.lafayette.edu scalar.lafayette.edu
    Hydronarratives: The Orma
    2
    1. Tarentino 26 Apr 2024
      the side to help keep themselves fed.

      Leauthaud, Crystele, Stéphanie Duvail, Olivier Hamerlynck, Jean-Luc Paul, Hubert Cochet, Judith Nyunja, Jean Albergel, and Olivier Grünberger. “Floods and Livelihoods: The Impact of Changing Water Resources on Wetland Agro-Ecological Production Systems in the Tana River Delta, Kenya.” Global Environmental Change 23, no. 1 (February 1, 2013): 252–63. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2012.09.003.

    2. Tarentino 26 Apr 2024
      “Cattle are the social representation of wealth and status among the Orma, and most of their economic and cultural activities are centered on livestock rearing”

      Leauthaud, Crystele, Stéphanie Duvail, Olivier Hamerlynck, Jean-Luc Paul, Hubert Cochet, Judith Nyunja, Jean Albergel, and Olivier Grünberger. “Floods and Livelihoods: The Impact of Changing Water Resources on Wetland Agro-Ecological Production Systems in the Tana River Delta, Kenya.” Global Environmental Change 23, no. 1 (February 1, 2013): 252–63. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2012.09.003.

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  8. scalar.lafayette.edu scalar.lafayette.edu
    Hydronarratives: The Indigenous People
    1
    1. Tarentino 26 Apr 2024
      The indigenous people living around the Tana River Delta comprise a multitude of different communities who employ four main strategies to get by: fishing, farming, pastoralism, and hunter-gathering, and the names of the communities are Pokomo, Orma, Wardei, Somali, Malakote, Munyoyaya, Wata, Bajuni, and Mijikenda.

      Parker, James D. “Ecologies of Development: Ecophilosophies and Indigenous Action on the Tana River.” History in Africa: A Journal of Method 49 (June 1, 2022): 65–96. doi:10.1017/hia.2022.11.

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  9. scalar.lafayette.edu scalar.lafayette.edu
    Hydronarratives: Environmental Impacts
    1
    1. Tarentino 26 Apr 2024
      hydrologic impacts of the dams is 1.8m above the river.

      Maingi, John K., and Stuart E. Marsh. “Quantifying Hydrologic Impacts Following Dam Construction along the Tana River, Kenya.” Journal of Arid Environments 50, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 53. doi:10.1006/jare.2000.0860.

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  10. scalar.lafayette.edu scalar.lafayette.edu
    Hydronarratives: Background Of The Dams
    8
    2. Tarentino 26 Apr 2024
      on ecosystems and livelihoods

      Leauthaud, Crystele, Stéphanie Duvail, Olivier Hamerlynck, Jean-Luc Paul, Hubert Cochet, Judith Nyunja, Jean Albergel, and Olivier Grünberger. “Floods and Livelihoods: The Impact of Changing Water Resources on Wetland Agro-Ecological Production Systems in the Tana River Delta, Kenya.” Global Environmental Change 23, no. 1 (February 1, 2013): 252–63. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2012.09.003.

    4. Tarentino 26 Apr 2024
      “create ‘a globally competitive and prosperous country with a high quality of life by 2030’. It aims to transform Kenya into ‘a newly-industrializing, middle income country providing a high quality of life to all its citizens in a clean and secure environment’.

      “About Vision 2030.” Kenya Vision 2030, https://vision2030.go.ke/about-vision-2030/. Accessed 2 April 2024.

    6. Tarentino 26 Apr 2024
      way to “master nature”,

      Abbink, Jon. “Dam Controversies: Contested Governance and Developmental Discourse on the Ethiopian Omo River Dam.” Social Anthropology/Anthropologie Sociale 20, no. 2 (2012): 125–144.

    7. Tarentino 26 Apr 2024
      “The objectives of this dam were to: improve electric-power generation during the dry season; increase irrigation potential in the lower Tana basin; and allow increased utilization of dry season flows in the upper Tana”.

      Maingi, John K., and Stuart E. Marsh. “Quantifying Hydrologic Impacts Following Dam Construction along the Tana River, Kenya.” Journal of Arid Environments 50, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 53. doi:10.1006/jare.2000.0860.

    8. Tarentino 26 Apr 2024
      act as a regulator.

      Maingi, John K., and Stuart E. Marsh. “Quantifying Hydrologic Impacts Following Dam Construction along the Tana River, Kenya.” Journal of Arid Environments 50, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 53. doi:10.1006/jare.2000.0860.

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  11. scalar.lafayette.edu scalar.lafayette.edu
    Hydronarratives: Conclusion
    1
    1. Tarentino 26 Apr 2024
      “In the ongoing global efforts to raise GDP levels and enhance development, conceived materially and ‘universally’, in most countries the ecological resources dependent on metis knowledge and management are in danger of being irreparably damaged, and the socio-cultural structures replete with such local, practical and often adaptive skills are sidelined or devalued”

      Abbink, Jon. “Dam Controversies: Contested Governance and Developmental Discourse on the Ethiopian Omo River Dam.” Social Anthropology/Anthropologie Sociale 20, no. 2 (2012): 125–144.

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  12. scalar.lafayette.edu scalar.lafayette.edu
    Hydronarratives: Power of Ignorance: How the Dams in the Tana River Delta, Kenya, Reflect How High Modernism Can Negatively Impact the Environment and the People Within
    5
    1. Tarentino 26 Apr 2024
      In their work, they detail the controversies regarding the construction of the Oma dam in Ethiopia and how the push towards technological development and a higher GDP is causing irreparable damage to the production of resources that require metis to cultivate/take care of.

      Abbink, Jon. “Dam Controversies: Contested Governance and Developmental Discourse on the Ethiopian Omo River Dam.” Social Anthropology/Anthropologie Sociale 20, no. 2 (2012): 125–144.

    2. Tarentino 26 Apr 2024
      Their farming relied on the river flooding twice, they relied on the river flooding to provide a bigger abundance of fish, and when they herded animals they herded enough that it wouldn’t matter if even a third of the herd was killed during a flood

      Leauthaud, Crystele, Stéphanie Duvail, Olivier Hamerlynck, Jean-Luc Paul, Hubert Cochet, Judith Nyunja, Jean Albergel, and Olivier Grünberger. “Floods and Livelihoods: The Impact of Changing Water Resources on Wetland Agro-Ecological Production Systems in the Tana River Delta, Kenya.” Global Environmental Change 23, no. 1 (February 1, 2013): 252–63. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2012.09.003.

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    scalar.lafayette.edu/hydronarratives/power-of-ignorance-how-the-dams-in-the-tana-river-delta-kenya-reflect-how-high-modernism-can-nega