- Apr 2024
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d2l.depaul.edu d2l.depaul.edu
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Performance Installation
"Meters and meters of textile act as skin, as a way for the surface of my body to extend into public spaces, and as a metaphoric device for stories to spread across and expanse (do they mean expand?)"
Insider/Outside * Identities influx: We are here, and there. A matter of how present we are, and who we pretend to be in certain settings?
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Local file Local file
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Tang Dynasty 618-907 * Metropolitan city almost * Capital city: Ghang'an, southeastern port city * Guangzhou/Quanzhou * Being a trader or merchant was looked down upon due to how... sketchy it can get, handling money and all.
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First "Real" Chinese Dynasties * Zhou = King *One of the first rulers: Qin Shuhuang(Di), who ruled from 221-207 BCE. But he was then overthrown by a rebel Liu Bang. * Han Dynasty 202 BCE - 220 BCE (AD); Han is a name that majority of ethnic groups in China have. * One of the main line of work back then was contracts and trades with pre-Islamic Arabia. Early trade routes were known as the Silk road.
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Confucianism - Confucius * Respecting Elders; Filial Piety * Ancestral Veneration/Worship * Relationship Harmony * Politics/Social/Economics
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Terminology * Sahaba - Companion * Sunni - Accept * Ahl Al-Bayt - People of the House
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Succession to Muhammad 1. Abu Bakr 2. Umar 3. Uthman 4. Ali
All 4 of these figures are 4 righteous Caliphs, or leaders.
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CHINA * Confucianism, Daoism, and Buddhism and maybe Christianity were all religions that were present in China. * About 3000 - 5000 years old... Feel like its a lot older. * Based on verifiable records, its about 3000 years old. * Emperor was the center of China's imperial system, functioning based off Dynastical systems (usually named after the primary family ruler of that time). * Some main dynasties were the Shang, Xia dynasties. * The Zhou Dynasty was arguably one of the largest dynasties ranging from 1046 to 256 BC(E). This was when the Dynastical system was established. During 256, this then marked the Warring States dynasty. They all fought each other so that one could ultimately conquer the other. * Daoism, then Confucianism. Confucius was the founder of Confucianism. More of a philosophy than a religion. * Confucius HATED the government, inefficiency, and a bit more. More of a social relationship philosophy. There is an overall central Harmony. Contained in this philosophy, there is this idea of Filial Piety, respecting and honor your ancestry through being good.
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SA'D IBN ABI WAQQAS * Companion of Muhammad * Mythic origin of the Muslims in China. Although, due to lack of proper records, it was questioned whether or not he went to China. Local legends and traditions say that he did.
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Succession of Muhammad: Four Caliphs * Abu Bakr: Muhammad's close friend, and his daughter was Muhammad's wife at one point. His reign as a caliph lasted only 2 years. * Umar': His reign lasted 10 years, compiled the Qur'an into the form we know today. * 'Uthman: His reign lasted 12 years, successfully expanded Islamic territory; Conquest of Persia and the Byzantine territory. His assasination sparked the first Muslim civil war. * Ali: Cousin and son in law of Muhammad. He married Muhammad's daughter, Fatimah, and his reign lasted for 5 years until he was also assassinated. His son takes over after him, but his son abdicates to Mu'awiya, who starts Umayyad Caliphate.
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Life of Muhammad * Had a relatively normal childhood, albeit his parents and close family members passed away and then raised by Abdu' Muttalib, his uncle. Growing up, he became a merchant. * Around the time of Ramadan, and near the age of 40, he received revelations from the arch-angel Gabriel. * Slowly goes public when proclaiming his messages. Meets a lot of resistance from other clans of his tribe, and so begins years of fighting. Muhammad makes polytheists question what Polytheism actually is. * Iconoclasm: Destruction or fight against idols, or icons. (makes sense since Polytheism centers around Idolization). * Muhammad's wife (Khadija) and his uncle, Abdu Talib died in 619. After that, Muhammad undergoes the "Night Journey" from Mecca to Jerusalem in 620. * After returning to Mecca from Jerusalem, Muhammad emigrates to Medina away from the opponent clans in Mecca in 622. After years of fighting, the Quraysh tribe signs a trice in 628. 2 years later, Muhammad's clan conquers Mecca and he dies another 2 years later in 632.
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- Monolithic - One simple unit; a big object that has the main characteristics of being comprised of just ONE thing.
- the problem of turning something into that of a monolith is that it creates stereotypes, justifies actions (even bad ones), and it overall just generalizes everything, which dehumanizes people that don't quite partake in the bad side.
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Two Concepts * Sunnah - The actual traditions and deeds of Muhammad and those around him; The source of Islamic laws and beliefs outside the Quran itself. * Hadith - Recounts of Muhammad's life: A guide to the practice of Islam
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Five Pillars of Islam * Shahada - declaration of faith * Zakaah - Charity, giving money * Sawm - Fasting, primarily occurs to Ramadan. Being thankful, but also considerate and generous. * Hajj - Pilgramage to the ka' bah, a focal point for Islam and Muslims. The Ka' bah is located in the city of Makkah, the city Muhammad was born in.
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The Quran * The holy book/sacred text of the Islam religion * The book was revealed to Muhammad over 23 years * Starting in the month of Ramadan when Muhammad was 40 * revealed to Muhammad through the archangel Gabriel(Jibriil) *114 Chapters/Surah, and one verse is called aayah * Not just divinely inspired but the literal word of god
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Faith in Islam: Six Components * Belief in God and God's oneness/singularity * Belief in Angels * Belief in Holy Books (Quran) * Belief in Prophets/Messengers * belief in the Day of Ressurection * Belief in Predestination
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- Monotheistic - One god
- Polytheistic - worship of multiple gods
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- Islam is the name of the religion, Muslim is the people who follow the religion
- Islamic Art - art of Islam, or art characterized by its root in Islam as a religion.
- Muslim Art - art created by Muslims, which cam be islamic and often is, but need not necessarily be.
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Prescriptivism is an approach that attempts to impose rules of correct usage, whereas descriptivism is an approach that analyses the actual [usage/practice] without focusing on aspects regarding rules.
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Quran * Ramadan - Period of time where Muslims will fast (no food, water) usually for a whole month. * The Quran was revealed to Muhammad during the final days of Ramadan * 114 Surahs (chapters) * The Quran is written in Arabic * Opening chapter: Al Fatiha * Shahada - a statement that acts a testament that acknowledges your declaration to the religion. * There is no god except Allah * Muhammed is the messenger of Allah * Five Pillars - The five foundational acts of the Islamic religion.
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Prophets - God's messengers * Moses * Apostles * Yusuf/Joseph * Isaac/Ishaq * Jacob/Ya'aqub * Ishmael/Ismail
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Christianity vs. Islam * Both have sacred texts (i.e Bible and Quran) * Both have very prominent figures that represent the religion (i.e Jesus and Muhammed)
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- Mono-theism - Belief in ONE GOD.
- Abrahamic - Ibrahim (prominent figure is Islam, a prophet, but there's also an iteration of him that exists in the Christian Bible, and Judist religion); He's the one who brought Mono-theism to the religious forefront of the world.
- Universalist - A figure which is common in all religions, and the notion that everyone CAN join a religion (in this case, maybe Islam)
- Particularlist - Religions that don't quite allow any conversion from anybody. Sort of a gatekeep or the idea that there needs to be an inherit pre-requisite to be a part of a certain religion.
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What is Islam? * Prophet Muhammad; the last prophet in a series of prophets * One god - tawheed * Shahada * Submission to Allah * Quran (sacred text in the Islamic religion) * Five Pillars
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Prescriptivism - "The Should, Standard", Judgmental towards the things that do not fall under this category
Pescriptivism - Observational, a little more subjective while also being objective. Removing all biases to make a better judgment, and to think of a topic with the utmost neutrality.
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None of us ask "What is religion" Some believe its belief in god, opium for the masses, etc. It's a very difficult question to ask, and no one can really ask.
no agreed upon definition. no official definition. Hell there's not even a static translation of religion. Its a cool thing because everyone "kinda" knows what it is. Everyone's tried to define it, but to no avail.
Edward B. Tyler: Belief in supernatural beings. Looks at it from a christian and biased perspective.
Emile Durkheim and Mac Weber: Psychological phenomena. Creating meaning in a meaningless world for Marc. Social phenomena for Emile. Creates a communal and social sense of belonging. But these are vague since anything related to a community and any symbol would be defined as religion under Emile and Marc's definitions.
Religion is more about what we do, than what we belief. Religion is based on tradition and actions related to the religion. Do things first, and rationalize after the fact as opposed to the other way around.
Clifford Geertz: A religion is a system of symbols that acts to establish powerful, pervasive and long-lasting moods in men by formulating concepts of a general order of existence and clothing these conceptions through factuality.
Religion is a western concept and is colored by that context. When we interpret the idea of religion for other locations, we do so from a western lens. There's a Christian-centric framework, and often times try to force it into the lens. The problem is that you cannot apply such a framework to other religions due to the vast differences in principles that entail wih other interpretations of religion.
Its a very tricky topic where the saying of one other individual can often lead to other misunderstandings.
religion can mean and be MANY different things across the world. "That isn't part of the religion, that's the culture." Religions are internally diverse, and change as time goes on.
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Ugly, sad looking hamster thing. Blurry and very sad. Hamster with crunched up face crying.
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Depressing blue aesthetic
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Its a very sad and depressing ass image that I saved when I was literally feeling blue. Its very angsty and has that retro aesthetic that is very niche in today's standard of what some would consider to be nice. It's supposed to be about heartbreak because of the rose on fire, the "I miss you"s "I need you"s and "fuck you"s, Very depressing image.
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fastly.4sqi.net fastly.4sqi.net
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- Pancakes
- sausage
- eggs.
- French toast
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bacon
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Dry
- tasty
- Overcooked.
- Well cooked
- Ordinary
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THE Book of Genesis tells us that Abraham was childless, without hope ofchildren, and that one night God summoned him out of his tent and said tohim: “Look now towards heaven, and count the stars if thou art able tonumber them.”
introduction
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- Jan 2024
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Local file Local file
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Commentators and scholars have noted that female companions in particularhave a ‘decorative’ function in the series. ‘They've all been very sort of passive,’comments another of Tulloch's respondents, ‘They're just there for windowdressing, obviously’. 21 Jennifer Pelland even quotes Doctor Who producer JohnNathan-Turner on companion Peri (Nicola Bryant 1984–86): ‘She'll often bewearing leotards and bikinis. A lot of Dads watch Doctor Who and I'm surethey will like Nicola’. 22
In short, the women are there to sit there and look pretty, which is a somewhat common thing. Fanservice. (point 0)
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Maybe one of the reasons we do not have morewomen writers and directors on the new series is because its production isdominated by (male) fan-producers.
As with many industries nowadays
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Casting has been another controversial issue, resurfacing when a new actor isselected to play the Doctor. According to Steven Moffat, female fans do not wanta female Doctor: ‘Oddly enough, most people who said they were dead againstit – and I know I'll get into trouble for saying this – were women, saying, “No,no, don't make him a woman”’.86
well shit.
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It seems somewhat essentialist to suggest that male writers, directors andshowrunners are incapable of ‘feminist’ work, or at least of satisfactory genderrepresentation.
At least she's not entirely one sided.
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‘For us it's about who can write good Doctor Who stories, regardless ofgender’.
THANK YOU.
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‘We gotta start writing . . . Writing, and directingand producing the kind of content we want to see. Because otherwise, nothing'sgonna change’. 83
Nothings gonna change unless someone like you does something about it. Doctor Suess type shit
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Menmay primarily write female companions, but women perform these roles; andseveral scholars have noted how performance can bring a character to life inways that might be unexpected.
VERY TRUE
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‘The problem is thatsmart, independent women don't make good companions, and that's a painful re-alization. I don't like the idea that my favourite series has, as a fundamental partof its set-up, no room for the kind of women I want to see’.5
They can be if the woman/women aren't just condescending about their intelligence but instead act as friendly rivals that are trying one-up each other in a friendly manner.
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‘Some characters were perceived as lesssuccessful’, argues Newman, ‘for violating established patterns’57 and Companionsand Allies recounts how producer Barry Letts decided ‘that a clever scientist [likeLiz Shaw] was not after all the ideal Doctor Who companion’58 because she didnot fit the existing dynamic.
Its hard to change things in one episode. Unless executed perfectly to where a dynamic could change overnight and appeal with EVERY single fan in the fanbase, it ain't happening.
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The linked themes of abandonment and waiting reach a peak in 2011's ‘TheGirl Who Waited’ (6:10) when Amy is left to fend for herself in a quarantinecamp for decades, growing old alone in an accelerated time stream after she isseparated from Rory (Arthur Darvill) and the Doctor.
sounds like hell.
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Although Sarah Jane now decides to give up pining for the Doctor and makeher own life in The Sarah Jane Adventures (2007–11),51 the Doctor's appearancesin the spin-off reinforce the emotional damage inflicted on his companions
Insensitive, and oblivious over how his actions can harm people.
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Sarah Jane is no lon-ger the youthful sidekick of a mature Doctor, she is a mature, ageing femalemeeting a younger-seeming Doctor. Her acute awareness of the difference intheir apparent ages is reinforced: ‘You look incredible,’ she tells him. ‘So doyou,’ he responds, but she replies flatly, ‘I got older.’ This is why the Doctor is alonely hero — he travels through time and is able to regenerate into a new body,rather than plodding along a linear timeline and ageing physically as humansdo.
two different planes of existence that can't quite coexist.
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Brittondescribes this episode as a critique of the Doctor's ‘serial monogamy’ and arguesthat it ‘would surely not have been so potent with any other companion butSarah’. 50 Meeting the tenth Doctor when they both investigate the same mysteri-ous incident, Sarah Jane is at first excited and then hurt: ‘Did I do somethingwrong? Because you never came back for me. You just — dumped me.’
Abandonment. Ouch.
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it shows a line of companions starting with Susan and moving throughto Rose, standing beside the tenth Doctor, exclaiming, ‘OhMiGod I thought Iwas special!!’48 Moreover, when Donna is mysteriously transported from herwedding to the TARDIS in ‘The Runaway Bride’ (3: Christmas Special), she ac-cuses the Doctor of doing this deliberately and, seeing a jacket left by Rose, asksangrily ‘I'm not the first am I? How many women have you abducted?’ Com-ments like this suddenly estrange our view of the Doctor as benevolent andmake his behaviour much more sinister.
well, yeah. he sounds like a creep at that point or just an insensitive asshole.
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Although Rose choosestravelling with the Doctor over staying at home with Mickey and her mum Jackie(Camille Coduri), she often communicates with them and returns home for visits.Likewise, Martha (Freema Agyeman), Donna (Catherine Tate) and Amy (KarenGillan), all have people close to them who are either left behind or persuaded tojoin in.
Me, personally, I aint having that. If my wife wants to travel with another MAN without ME, I'm leaving that hoe.
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fits the typical companion pattern of seeking adventure with the Doctor, yet shealso has a mother and boyfriend at home.
leaves room for the female to eventually cheat on said husband..
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However, the structure and premise of Doctor Who present some difficulty forits representation of gender. While it is undeniable that, as Lynette Porter notes,the new companions all ‘develop unique relationships with their Doctor(s) andmake the role of companion more dynamic — and more acceptable to femaleviewers’, even to the point that the Doctor ‘also surprisingly becomes emotionallyaffected by his companions’,27 the Doctor is the main character, the focus and thehero.
They gotta keep that... bravado or some shit on the doctor. they can't necessarily change his entire character overnight. they could, but it'd be a hot mess.
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Doctor Who companions are important to the show's success. More charac-ters allow for more variety and set up more narrative possibilities. In contem-porary TV drama, character interactions also afford narratives that resistclosure, typically running alongside self-contained episodes or season story arcs.
Side characters/companions in general.
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Richard Wallace cites writer and script editor Terrance Dicks' notion that theDoctor Who companion is ‘a plot device first and foremost and a charactersecond’.2
thats... what companions are mainly for. but I am of the side that companions can be more than that.
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Science fiction, because it deals with the novel and the strange,has the potential to offer something new in terms of gender representation. Thisdoes not mean it always delivers on this potential, of course. Doctor Who, aswell as being science fiction with cult status and a large fan following, is also,especially in its current incarnation, a mainstream TV drama from a public ser-vice broadcaster
Just because it can do something, doesn't mean it should. I could decide to donate to the cause that the person at the cash register asks me to, but I won't. i could tip 15%, but I instead do 0%.
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Admittedly, Doctor Who's creators have no clear philos-ophy about trying to represent a more equal society, as with the utopian Trek.The lack of scholarship on gender in Doctor Who may also be part of a lack ofscholarship generally on the series – academic study of it is just gaining momen-tum, and only started to accumulate seriously in the last five years.
No one's gonna write a 12 page thesis or scholarly article about a TV show. It sounds fun on paper, but it's actually the opposite.
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When I put together an earlier version of this article for a symposium two yearsago, I discovered a surprising gap in the academic literature of Doctor Whoaround gender.
Because in a fictional setting, no one gives a shit about it.
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Local file Local file
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the article will consider the changing production and reception contextsof Doctor Who and how these relate to wider institutional and social processes.In the first instance, however, it will investigate the series' origins by drawing onthe production records held by the BBC Written Archives Centre.
Methodology behind the article.
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- Sep 2023
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Local file Local file
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Exploring the nearby world and knowing your place should be aprimary objective for the “bonding with the Earth” stage,from ages eight to eleven.
Kinda like "the city is our class" at depaul.
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Starting at the neck, we traced around the children, butinstead of following along the underside of the arm, we drew a straightline from their wrists to their waists, then down on both sides to aboutthe knees. The children then stood up, we cut out the shape, and voila!Each child had an individualized set of wings. We strapped them on, madeit clear that the children were not to try the wings out by jumping offroofs, and they were off. A flock of birds leaped into action, flyingthrough the forests, exploring life as birds.
Reminds me of the Mystery of the Monarchs event at the PNNM on that one saturday.
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Rather, we should beattempting to engage children more deeply in knowing theflora, fauna, and character of their own local places. The woodsbehind the school and the neighborhood streets and stores are theplaces to start.
Plant based learning?
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T heir maps push off the edge of the page, and they often needto attach extra pieces of paper to map the new terrain they areinvestigating. Children's homes become small, inconsequential, andoften move to the periphery of the map. The central focus in their mapsis the “explorable landscape.”
Reminds me of how Hiccup from HTTYD had to do that
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We can cure the malaise of ecophobia withecophilia –supporting children's biological tendency to bondwith the natural world.
I.E a Biophilic design in schools.
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Local file Local filecbi_533.tex11
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The urban jungle, with its many non-nativespecies, may well be the breeding ground for future envi-ronmental action. What that urban jungle looks like, andhow people interact with it, deserves more attention
I'm kinda surprised on the fact that the solution is more so focused on Pigeons than the actual political side of it lmao.
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One cost is that we could embrace these species at theexpense of our ability to control them elsewhere. Oneway around the potential costs might be to encourageappreciation of the native species sometimes thought ofas pests (e.g., raccoons, squirrels, crows, and moles) andthose non-native species that have a known low environ-mental cost.
Controlling invasive species sounds good on paper, but sounds super difficult.
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Here the options are complex and few. The statusquo approach is to categorize many of these habitats (bethey the cracks between sidewalks, underpasses, or backalleys) and the pest and introduced species that inhabitthem as scary, unhealthy, and bad, and then to hope citi-zens can find interactions with native species elsewhere.
There is also an economical and potentially class issue when it comes to Global Conversation.
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We propose three major courses of action in responseto the pigeon paradox: restoration of urban ecosystems,improved access to urban nature, and a careful consider-ation of the costs and benefits linked to how we portraynon-native and so-called pestiferous urban species.
3 solutions. Well, more like courses of action.
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Direct experiencewith the natural world, especially during childhood, ap-pears to be the most important source of environmen-tal sensitivity (Tanner 1980; Chawla 1999 and referencestherein).
You do learn a lot more as a child, so i can understand where this is coming from. Better introduce it to them during their "critical" period, yeah?
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People with more exposure to nature are more interestedin conserving it. Although interactions with nature arenot the only route to interest in conservation (e.g., Koll-muss & Agyeman 2002), they are clearly an importantand arguably necessary condition.
Kind of reminds me of the Natural Deficit issue.
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Our most basic assertion is that current conservation ac-tion is insufficient and that future conservation will de-pend on more support ( both financial and political) thancurrently present.
I think this is pretty... obvious, no?
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uture incentive for conservationwill depend increasingly upon people’s interactions withurban ecosystems
Isn't it still reliant on people's interactions even now as a general whole?
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(1) current conservation action is insufficient, (2) peopleare more likely to take conservation action when theyhave direct experiences in the natural world, and (3) ashuman populations (and hence sources of conservationaction) shift to cities, humans will primarily experiencenature through contact with urban nature.
3 aspects of the Pigeon Paradox. I don't know what it's called that.
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the “pigeon paradox” because, if weare right, under the status quo a great deal of future con-servation will rely in part on our interactions with ur-ban ecosystems and the organisms, including non-nativessuch as feral pigeons (e.g., Columba livia), that call themhome.
The Pigeon Paradox and what it means
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aradoxically, con-servation may increasingly depend on the ability of peo-ple in cities to maintain a connection with nature.
As is currently the issue right now
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Local file Local file
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In sum, this trend in urban environmental education is related to social-ecologicalsystems thinking (Folke, 2006; Krasny, Lundholm, & Plummer, 2010; Liu et al.,2007) and green urbanism (Beatley & Newman, 2009), and is helping people tolearn about and contribute to our understanding of cities as integrated social-ecological systems, through urban exploration, participation in collective decision-making and action.
Sum of trend
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We analyzed articles, chapters, and books foundthrough Google Scholar and in ERIC (an onlinelibrary) by searching the phrase “urbanenvironmental education.” By reading over 100publications from this search, we identified theunderlying goals of urban environmental educationand grouped them in five trends (Table!1).
Methodology
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Project Learning Tree, Project WILD(Wildlife in Learning Design), and Project WET (Water Education forTeachers) are resources commonly used by teachers to enhanceenvironmental education in the classroom in a variety of subjects.
I ain't ever heard of these programs lmao
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ESD’s equal focus on society, economy, and environmentand its attention to equity, democracy, and human rights, isconsidered by some to be inherently different from EE, which isperceived as focusing more on developing critical thinking andproblem solving skills in, about, and for the environment.
Difference between EE and ESD
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hese include endingworld poverty and hunger, establishinguniversal education, promoting genderequality, improving child and maternalhealth, combating AIDS, seekingenvironmental sustainability and engagingin global partnerships.
a lot of heavy goals to accomplish
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has traditionally focused on providing information sothat learners can make more informed choices on their own.
Instead or promoting an explicit bias, it's all about educating and simply giving information to people so they may make their own choices.
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Different interpretations lead environmental educators todisagree about the extent to which EE should recommendspecific behaviors, versus focusing on developing the knowledgeand skills necessary for learners to explore the advantages anddisadvantages of different behaviors.
Disagreements or not, the sentiment of educating communities about the environment still remain the same
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Though itdeclined somewhat in the 1980s, outdooreducation still persists in ubiquitous campsettings across the continent, such as theYMCA’s residential programs for elementaryand middle schools.
I did the YMCA program lmao
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The movement was driven, inpart, by a surge in urban growth, migration from rural farms toindustries, and a concern that youth were missing vital interactionswith the natural world that could shape their future careers
Biophilia reminds me of that
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Sir Patrick Geddes (1854–1933), a Scottish botanistand urban planner, implemented an interdisciplinary approach toeducating the whole person by encouraging students to learn bydoing.
"Learn by doing" is very true
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A variety of philosophers and practitioners in both education andnatural resource management contributed to the origins of EE.
EE contribution is worldwide
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Nature walks in a city park, planting native trees to build acorridor between forest fragments, a student poster contest toencourage public transportation, and study circles to explorelocal food options—how can so many different activities all becalled environmental education (EE)?
It's all related to the natural environment.
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We invite you—whether you are working ina community center or half-way house; church, synagogue,temple or mosque; zoo, botanic garden, or museum; Scout,4-H, or boys and girls club; community garden or naturerestoration program; or a senior center, nature center,or park—to explore the rich tradition of environmentaleducation and to learn how your peers across the continentand in other countries are creating new practices to addresssocietal and environmental concerns.
No matter where you are, or what you're doing, you can still be a part of Environmental Education
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These five interrelated trends—concern about thepsychological well-being of people with limited accessto nature, urbanization, social stresses as well asthose brought about by climate change, and academicachievement of students—pose significant challenges to thefield of environmental education.
This kind of reminds me of this "Biophilic" design project I did back in my senior year of high school
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Local file Local file
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Grinding Techniques: * Cutting open the material * Boring holes into said material * Shaping into forms * Carving Patterns
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Essential use items such as axes even have cultural designs implemented into them as well unlike previous tools that were simply there for practical use with little to no motifs implemented into it. * Items with complex and cultural designs implemented into them will also be buried alongside certain individuals of high class.
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Jade artifacts have more "ideo" and "socio" technic aspect to them. They were more socially respected than practically so. It was pretty to have them than to use them.
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Longshan Culture (Black Pottery Culture) * Highly polished black pottery (egg shell) * Pottery wheel method invented * Molding techniques were practically ahead of its time. Modern recreations are nearly impossible. * The artifacts made from this technique mostly appealed to that of the upper class royals * Considered to be Earthenware, which is clay. * Unlike most of the other ceramics, Black Pottery was made via the pottery wheel method and yet the technique used during said method was so advanced that recreation is nearly impossible.
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The items and ceramics have shown that there is a sign of gender awareness due to the anatomical implementation. But there is also the possibility that there is a more spiritual representation that expresses wishes for fertility, cult/shamanic activity, and that there is also a representation for a strong and larger community at hand here. * matrilineal organization slowly descending into a patrilineal oriented organization
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Urn with human figure implemented into design. Not afraid to be explicit about human anatomy.
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Different type of modeling methods which involved Hand-Modeling as well as Coil-clay modeling. Hand Modeling is easy due to how you simply use your hands and mold it into the shape you wish to mold it into.
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Significance of Pottery Motifs: * Dating function * Surface Decoration: Cognitive Process and Symbolic Communication * Group Identity * Users' Environment and Lifestyle * Division of Labor
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Fishnet Bowl: Has very... oceanic and aquatic symbolism ingrained into the design, which kind of makes sense. The community located near the Yangshao River may have been a fisherman community.
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