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    1. “Under some circumstances expulsion is not a war crime. I don’t think that the expulsions of 1948 were war crimes. You can’t make an omelet without breaking eggs. You have to dirty your hands.”

      Kimmerling's voice analyzes Benny Morris's shocking moral and political shift. Kimmerling critiques the notion that ethnic cleansing could be justified by the "overall, final good". This tackles the moral conundrum of nation-building (Q4). Morris’s quote, used here to frame the debate, provides an explicit, utilitarian justification for mass violence and expulsion, linking the successful establishment of the exclusive nation-state (rigidity) to necessary moral compromises such as breaking an egg for an omelette. The metaphor of breaking something for a better and more useful end result. My synthesis of this critique highlights the danger of using historical necessity to legitimize atrocities, fearing this intellectual legitimacy fuels current radical impulses for future ethnic cleansing, because I can't ever see myself thinking humans are mere eggs waiting to be broken in order to create a better territory.