This resonated with me because, in many cases, intent is irrelevant. For example, in the author's experience with TSA, the people who designed the scanners likely had good intentions. They designed them to detect contraband and enhance security. However, despite their intent, the scanners still harm many trans and non-binary people. This doesn’t mean the designers were malicious or should be blamed, but it does highlight the need to reevaluate the effectiveness and equity of these systems. By applying Design Justice principles, we can address these harms and work toward more inclusive solutions.

Heuristic Evaluation seems very thorough and time-consuming, especially error prevention. How could one evaluate every possible error and find ways to prevent it? I appreciate that Ko acknowledges this and says that many people learn these heuristics and apply them as they design, which cuts down on the time and attention heuristic evaluation demands

Although user studies can't tell you if your design is useful, I believe they are still very important! Since they can tell you if your design is useable and what points users struggle with, they can help change the flow or layout of their design to create a better user experience. This is important because if one's design is useful but not useable, then there's no point in your design's use!

This really reminds me of justice-oriented design and how no design choice is ever neutral, and no single design can serve everyone perfectly. There are always tradeoffs, especially in HCI and accessibility. Do you prioritize the majority, or focus on empowering a specific group, even if it means others have a less ideal experience? With limited time and resources, it’s impossible to accommodate everyone, but designing with accessibility in mind helps minimize the most common gaps. There are a lot of ethics that tie into our design choices!

I can understand Ko's point that higher-fidelity prototypes closely mimic a final product and they could provide realistic user feedback. Still, they also require more time and effort. I think its important to find a balance and create a prototype that helps answer questions but doesn't consume too much of your time

I had never considered how different units could impact one’s approach to design. While I agree that no design can serve everyone, I find the statement "some designs, when they cannot be universal, should simply not be made" intriguing. The example provided illustrates the unfairness of people with darker skin being unable to use hand soap and water dispensers, underscores this point. Given this significant oversight, I agree that these dispensers should not have been rolled out. However, there are smaller identity groups with specific accessibility needs that designers cannot always fully accommodate- otherwise, nothing would ever get designed.