A drilling riser needs to carry drilling fluids while also protecting the drill bit. Under complex sea conditions, how do the environmental loads and failure risks it faces differ from those of a production riser?

In real sea conditions, if the wind speed keeps increasing but the fetch or duration is insufficient, how will the waves evolve? Will they approach a fully developed state, or will they exhibit a different growth trend compared to the theoretical model?

It assumes lossless wave propagation. If in real ocean conditions, how do factors like wave breaking, bottom friction, and turbulence alter the actual energy flux compared to the theoretical value?

Why does linear wave theory become inaccurate when H/λ is no longer much smaller than 1? Is it because the wave steepness increases and nonlinear effects become significant?

For more complex structures, should a variable Cw based on different experiments be used to obtain more accurate design loads?