an external voltage is applied to drive a nonspontaneous reaction. In this section, we look at how electrolytic cells are constructed and explore some of their many commercial applications.
Would the same help to achieve or get a spontaneous reaction?
The reductant is the substance that loses electrons and is oxidized in the process; the oxidant is the species that gains electrons and is reduced in the process
I thought that reduced meant you gain electrons and oxidized meant you lose electrons, was that just for biology?
To help explain why these phenomena proceed spontaneously in only one direction requires an additional state function called entropy (S), a thermodynamic property of all substances that is proportional to their degree of "disorder".
In the second law of thermodynamics, how much disorder can there be infinite or a set amount?
A crucial point to realize about fossil fuels is that the energy we release by burning them came originally from the sun. The plants from which the fuels were derived grew as a result of photosynthesis, the combination of carbon dioxide and water under the influence of sunlight to form organic compounds whose empirical formula is approximately
With that being said isn't photosynthesis, one of the reasons for climate change aside from fossil fuels?
The second law of thermodynamics says in effect, that the extent to which any natural process can occur is limited by the dilution of thermal energy (increase in entropy)
How far can disorder go could it be an infinite amount?
Determine x and equilibrium concentrations. A table of changes and concentrations follows:
Will we always have to use an ICE table or can we just solve for pH, without it?
Acid rain is shared under a not declared license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts.
I know that acid rain is when sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide are in the the atmosphere because of wind, but why is it saying that's under a not declared license, what can and can't make a topic a license declared topic?
Using a Lewis approach, the Na+Na+Na^+ ion can be viewed as an acid because it is an electron pair acceptor, although its low charge and relatively large radius make it a very weak acid.
If there were more charges to Na+ would it change in low to a high charge, and why does a large radius mean "very weak"?
Our stomachs contain a solution of roughly 0.03 M HCl, which helps us digest the food we eat.
I thought HCL was bad which is why in lab we use gloves, so how much of it can we have in our system that'll cause issues in our stomach?
Effect of the Amount of Solid Present on Equilibrium in a Heterogeneous Solid–Gas System. In the system, the equilibrium composition of the gas phase at a given temperature, 1000 K in this case, is the same whether a small amount of solid carbon (left) or a large amount (right) is present.
What is the reason no matter how much graphite you put on a scale they're showing the same temperature, does the quality of graphite matter more than the quantity?
At higher temperatures, the gas mixture has a deep brown color, indicative of a significant amount of brown NO2NO2\ce{NO_2} molecules. If, however, we put a stress on the system by cooling the mixture (withdrawing energy),
Why is the gas mixture color brown and not any other color, is brown the default color?