come under the species. He was a short, thick-set man, with coarse, commonplace features, and that swaggering air of pretension which marks a low man who is trying to elbow his way upward in the world. He was much over-dressed, in a gaudy vest of many colors, a blue neckerchief, bedropped gayly with yellow spots, and arranged with a flaunting tie, quite in keeping with the general air of the man

Much of the neighborhood surrounding it is middle-class and predominantly white.

The commission pointed to a handful of studies showing that smaller schools benefited low-income students

Building a school “across the river,” England told the court, was “the best thing for the community as a whole.”

temporary measure to remedy past discrimination,”

As white families had moved out to the suburbs, eroding the tax base, both the schools and the cities themselves had suffered.

But she then returned to school, walking onto the track team at the University of Alabama and graduating in 1995.

Brown v. Board of Education said you cannot send a child to a specific school because of his or her race, and that is precisely what affirmative action was requiring to be done.”

The curriculum pushed students toward learning a trade instead of preparing for college.

school boards to shut schools to avoid having even a handful of black children sit in classrooms with white ones.

It gave the lower courts no guidance other than to say that desegregation should proceed “with all deliberate speed.”

The justices noted that education was “perhaps the most important function of state and local governments”

Northeast

apartheid schools

, widened as they became less so.

But since 2000, judges have released hundreds of school districts

by the city’s black elites.

another federal judge released Tuscaloosa City Schools from the court-ordered desegregation mandate that had governed it for a single generation. Central had successfully achieved integration, the district had argued—it could be trusted to manage that success going forward.

Central

but showed an hereditary disposition to attend to anything else but his business.

who was the ditto of himself,

It was affirmed that the great Hendrick Hudson, the first discoverer of the river and country, kept a kind of vigil there every twenty years, with his crew of the Half-moon; being permitted in this way to revisit the scenes of his enterprise, and keep a guardian eye upon the river and the great city called by his name. His father had once seen them in their old Dutch dresses playing at ninepins in a hollow of the mountain; and he himself had heard, one summer afternoon, the sound of their balls, like distant peals of thunder.

had always been haunted by strange beings.

“Sure enough! it is Rip Van Winkle—it is himself! Welcome home again, old neighbor. Why, where have you been these twenty long years?”

“Oh, she, too, had died but a short time since; she broke a blood-vessel in a fit of passion at a New England peddler.”

his dog came home without him;

twenty years

“Judith Gardenier.”

about securing the gun,

“I’m not myself—I’m somebody else—that’s me yonder—no—that’s somebody else got into my shoes—I was myself last night, but I fell asleep on the mountain, and they’ve changed my gun, and everything’s changed, and I’m changed, and I can’t tell what’s my name, or who I am!”

Oh, Rip Van Winkle!” exclaimed two or three, “oh, to be sure! that’s Rip Van Winkle yonder, leaning against the tree.”

but that’s rotten and gone, too.

why, he is dead and gone these eighteen years!

“A tory! a tory! a spy! a refugee! hustle him! away with him!”

“I am a poor, quiet man, a native of the place, and a loyal subject of the king, God bless him!”

“What brought him to the election with a gun on his shoulder, and a mob at his heels; and whether he meant to breed a riot in the village?”

“On which side he voted?”

ls, was haranguing vehemently about rights of citizens—elections—members of congress—Bunker’s Hill—heroes of seventy-six—and other words, which were a perfect jargon to the bewildered Van Winkle.

There was a busy, bustling tone about it, instead of the accustomed drowsy tranquility.

. The red coat was changed for one of blue and buff, a sword was held in the hand instead of a scepter, the head was decorated with a cocked hat, and underneath was painted in large characters, General Washington.

He called loudly for his wife and children—the lonely chambers rang for a moment with his voice, and then all again was silence.

to decay

A half-starved dog that looked like Wolf was skulking about it. Rip called him by name, but the cur snarled, showed his teeth, and passed on. This was an unkind cut indeed. “My very dog,” sighed Rip, “has forgotten me!”

There stood the Catskill Mountains—there ran the silver Hudson at a distance—there was every hill and dale precisely as it had always been

bewitched

he found his beard had grown a foot long!

he found his beard had grown a foot long!

but none whom he knew,

What was to be done?

working his toilsome way through thickets of birch, sassafras, and witch-hazel, and sometimes tripped up or entangled by the wild grapevines that twisted their coils from tree to tree, and spread a kind of network in his path.

Wolf, too, had disappeared,

—“Oh! that flagon! that wicked flagon!” thought Rip; “what excuse shall I make to Dame Van Winkle?”

flagon

flagon so often that at length his senses were overpowered, his eyes swam in his head, his head gradually declined, and he fell into a deep sleep.

He obeyed with fear and trembling; they quaffed the liquor in profound silence, and then returned to their game

On a level spot in the center was a company of odd-looking personages playing at ninepins.

the most melancholy party of pleasure he had ever witnessed.

. The whole group reminded Rip of the figures in an old Flemish painting, in the parlor of vDominie Van Shaick, the village parson, which had been brought over from Holland at the time of the settlement.

labored on in silence;

As they ascended,

“Rip Van Winkle! Rip Van Winkle!”

terrors of Dame Van Winkle.

I verily believe he reciprocated the sentiment with all his heart.

fellow-sufferer in persecution

was to take gun in hand and stroll away into the woods

From even this stronghold the unlucky Rip was at length routed by his vtermagant wife, who would suddenly break in upon the tranquility of the assemblage, and call the members all to naught; nor was that august personage, Nicholas Vedder himself, sacred from the daring tongue of this terrible virago, who charged him with encouraging her husband in habits of idleness.

When anything that was read or related displeased him, he was observed to smoke his pipe vehemently, and to send forth short, frequent, and angry puffs; but, when pleased, he would inhale the smoke slowly and tranquilly, and emit it in light and placid clouds, and sometimes, taking the pipe from his mouth, and letting the fragrant vapor curl about his nose, would nod his head in approbation.

the neighbors could tell the hour by his movements as accurately as by a sun-dial.

a patriarch of the village

who was not to be daunted by the most gigantic word in the dictionary!

profound discussions which sometimes took place,

talking listlessly over village gossip, or telling endless sleepy stories about nothing.

perpetual club of sages, philosophers, and other idle personages of the village,

His Majesty George III

A tart temper never mellows with age,

and at the least flourish of a broomstick or ladle he would fly to the door with yelping precipitation.

what courage can withstand the ever-enduring and all-besetting terrors of a woman’s tongue?

Wolf, who was as much henpecked as his master;

henpecked husband.

but his wife kept continually dinning in his ear about his idleness, his carelessness, and the ruin he was bringing on his family.

n a word, Rip was ready to attend to anybody’s business but his own; but as to doing family duty, and keeping his farm in order, he found it impossible.

was a strong dislike of all kinds of profitable labor

Certain it is that he was a great favorite among all the goodwives of the village, who took his part in all family squabbles; and never failed, whenever they talked those matters over in their evening gossipings, to lay all the blame on Dame Van Winkle

henpecked husband

Fort Christina

built of small yellow bricks brought from Holland, having latticed windows and gable fronts, surmounted with weathercocks

Peter Stuyvesant

fairy mountains

Catskill Mountains.

vbarometers

Just five years of integrated schooling correlates with 15 percent more lifetime earnings.

The amount of financial support Clinton gets from its parents is typical of more affluent districts, but Clinton’s parents get the message about excellence too.

In those years, wherever federal oversight ended, 60 percent of the progress that had been made against the achievement gap was reversed.

The country’s black and poor kids kept improving just as their white classmates did, only faster.

t also helped that in Clinton, the superintendent and school board members are not elected, so no one had to worry about losing votes.

“Whether we are good, better, or best,” he remembers telling them, “we shall not rest until the good becomes better and the better becomes best. If you’re doing a good job, or whatever, let’s try to do a better job. Then, after we’re doing better, let’s see if we can do the best job.”

Do unto others as you would have others do unto you. To him, “others” has always meant everyone.

He eliminated not only the South’s de jure segregation, which the Supreme Court had outlawed, but also the de facto segregation that continues to enforce segregation in many if not most of the nation’s public schools.

he managed to rid Clinton of the “neighborhood school” concept,

Sixteen years later, Mississippi was still in court, and it remains so today, with 44 desegregation cases still active.

tender-hearted and compassionate Christians

ut desired to wait God’s time, that I might go home quietly, and without fear.

They mourned (with their black faces) for their own losses, yet triumphed and rejoiced in their inhumane, and many times devilish cruelty to the English.

Indians was at the highest, and the English at the lowest.

They eat also nuts and acorns, artichokes, lilly roots, ground beans, and several other weeds and roots, that I know not.

“It may be they will come in May,”

God seemed to leave his People to themselves,

Then I took it of the child, and eat it myself, and savory it was to my taste.

Some of them told me he was dead, and they had killed him; some said he was married again, and that the Governor wished him to marry; and told him he should have his choice, and that all persuaded I was dead. So like were these barbarous creatures to him who was a liar from the beginning.

he answered me, they would not

So easy a thing it is with God to dry up the streams of Scripture comfort from us.

ashes in mine eye

handful of peas, and a few roasted ground nuts

sannup,

she gave me a slap in the face

Sabbath

“Wait on the Lord, Be of good courage, and he shall strengthen thine Heart, wait I say on the Lord.”

nine English captives in this place (all of them children, except one woman)

I do not desire to live to forget this Scripture, and what comfort it was to me.

One of the Indians that came from Medfield fight, had brought some plunder, came to me, and asked me, if I would have a Bible, he had got one in his basket. I was glad of it, and asked him, whether he thought the Indians would let me read? He answered, yes.

Oh, the hideous insulting and triumphing that there was over some Englishmen’s scalps that they had taken (as their manner is) and brought with them

sister Sarah w

my son came to me, and asked me how I did. I

Then they went and showed me where it was, where I saw the ground was newly digged, and there they told me they had buried it

I was sold to him

I must and could lie down by my dead babe, side by side all the night after.

I sat with the picture of death in my lap

“your master will quickly knock your child in the head.”

Then I took oaken leaves and laid to my side, and with the blessing of God it cured me also;

and as He wounded me with one hand, so he healed me with the other.

Wednesday night to Saturday night, except only a little cold water.

and we were both alive to see the light of the next morning.

having no Christian friend near me, either to comfort or help me

But the Lord renewed my strength still, and carried me along, that I might see more of His power; yea, so much that I could never have thought of, had I not experienced it.

I must turn my back upon the town, and travel with them into the vast and desolate wilderness, I knew not whither.

All was gone, my husband gone (at least separated from me, he being in the Bay; and to add to my grief, the Indians told me they would kill him as he came homeward), my children gone, my relations and friends gone, our house and home and all our comforts—within door and without—all was gone (except my life), and I knew not but the next moment that might go too.

Oh the roaring, and singing and dancing, and yelling of those black creatures in the night, which made the place a lively resemblance of hell.

dolefulest night

hard

with those barbarous creatures

All the people that First Man and First Woman named and sent forth now live on the earth. This is the way they planned the order of things.

This medicine was for the organs of sex. The organ of the man would whistle; and then the organ of the woman would whistle. When they heard this each organ gave a long, clear whistle. After that they came together and the sound of the whistle was different. That is why the voices of the young boy and maiden are different; and it is why their voices change.

And the plan was that women would propose marriage to men; but the Coyote came and said: "Brothers, listen, I have just married a woman." Again he spoiled their plan. Men propose marriage to women; but because of the older plan there are still cases where women go after men

There was a plan from the stars down. The woman's strength was not to be as great as the man's strength. They could not attend to the planting and harvesting as the men could, therefore men would p. 33 be worth more than women

Its length was the distance from a tall man's fingertip to his heart. After this pole was fashioned they dressed it; and they carried it on their shoulders to a lake. It was their plan to cast it into the water, and if the pole floated to the shore there would be no death; but if it sank down into the water, then death would remain. Now just as they raised it to cast it into the water the Coyote came to them. They saw that he carried a big stone ax. As they cast the pole into the water he threw the stone ax, saying: "Unless this stone ax returns to the surface there will be death." Now the stone ax remained in the lake, but the pole which First Man and First Woman had shaped and dressed returned to the shore. So it was decided that, although there would be death among the people of the earth, sometimes the very ill would recover because the log had floated back to the shore.

It had been First Man's and First Woman's plan to have everyone live forever. There was to have been no death. They could not understand this thing; and they were not satisfied.

Chol'i'i

Debe'ntsa

Dook oslid

Tso dzil

Sis na' jin

black ring, a blue ring, a yellow ring, and a white ring,

The first day-period that the sun was raised in the sky the heat was unbearable. So the Holy Ones stretched out the four corners of the sky and this raised the sun still higher in the heavens. After they had done this four times it was like it is today. There was room on the earth for everyone, and the sun's warmth was right for the growing plants and the animals and the people.

Yaya ni'sin is the name of the corner or sky posts. Dilye'he, the Pleiades. Atse'etso, the forepart of Scorpio. Atse'etso'si, the belt and sword of Orion. Baalchini, the central double stars in the lower part of the Hyades, Hastin sakai, Orion. The left foot is Rigel and the right foot is Betelgeuse. Gahat'ei, the star cluster under Canis Major, Akaisda'hi, the Milky Way. Nahokhos bokho, the North Star. Nahokos bakhai, Ursa Major, the Big Dipper. Nahokos baadi, Cassiopeia, but some medicine men say Ursa Minor.

First Man told her that she was to be the wife of the Sky. She would face the East, and her husband over her, would face the West. And whenever the Fog covered the Earth they would know that the Sky had visited Nahosdzan'esdza'.

And they placed Dilye'lle, the Pleiades there; and Atse'etso, the Big First One; and the Coyote's Feather, Atse'etso'si, which is also called the Slender One; and Baalchini, the children of Dilye'ha and Atse'etso'si; and Hastin sakai, The-Old-Man-with-Feet-Apart; and the Rabbit Tracks, Gahat'ei; and

henever you wish rain you will have to go for the Water Buffalo's girl baby; and after you have used her power you will have to return her to the River again."

But I will put in some extra days so that the months will not be even. Sometimes frost will come early, and sometimes it will remain late. First plants will sometimes freeze, and so also will animals. Sometimes the full moon will come before the end of the month; and at the end of the year you will find that you have 13 moon periods instead of 12." The Coyote continued.

She also wanted to be paid with the lives of the living

September

Its feather is Gahat'ei, the Rabbit Tracks (star cluster in Canis Major

THE TWELVE MONTHS OF THE YEAR

feather

October is the first month of the year and of winter, which is called qai.

The Turquoise Boy was to carry a whistle made from the Male Reed. This whistle had 12 holes in it, and each time that the Turquoise Boy would blow on his whistle the earth would move one month in time. The White Shell Girl was also to carry a whistle. It was made from the Female Reed, and with it she should move the tides of the sea.

The Holy Ones asked the Turquoise Boy to enter the great, perfect turquoise that was to become the sun; and they asked the White Shell Girl to enter the great, perfect, white shell that was to become the moon

the Coyote came to them

This great, perfect, white shell was to become the moon

hey made a yellow streak below the mouth on top of the chin.

eagle

turquoise

Coyote, called First Angry,

Dark Cloud

Now First Boy lay to the south side of the hogan, and First Girl to the north.

Their heads crossed and their thoughts mingled, and these thoughts were sacred.

Sweat House

Today there is a hogan ceremony, and a song is sung as the poles are raised.

HOGAN

the poles

First Man planned to build a home