In casual conversation, the word theory implies guesswork or speculation. In the language of science, an explanation or conclusion made in a theory carries much more weight because it is supported by experimental verification and widely accepted by the scientific community. After a hypothesis has been repeatedly tested for falsifiability through documented and independent studies, it eventually becomes accepted as a scientific theory.

The theory of evolution by natural selection is another example. Originating from the work of Charles Darwin in the mid-19th century, the theory of evolution has withstood generations of scientific testing for falsifiability. While it has been updated and revised to accommodate knowledge gained by using modern technologies, the theory of evolution continues to be supported by the latest evidence.

Another way scientists avoid bias is by using quantitative over qualitative measurements whenever possible.

When magma or lava cools, it solidifies by a process called crystallization in which minerals grow within the magma or lava.

No place on Earth is completely free of natural hazards,

Galileo is regarded as the first modern scientist