The first section examines the period spanning the late Victorian and Edwardian eras and highlights forms of middle-class political activity in the urban public sphere that expressed a distinctive civic patriotism and local identity while simultaneously affirming loyalty to the British Empire
How urban space can foster nationalism but also loyalty to british imperialism
zillah
Divisions of a province for administrative purposes.
thanas
A word that operates similarly to a neighborhood, but with British involvement and primarily police-run.
Ajmere
Ajmere is one of the major cities in Rajasthan, India.
pupillage
The state of being a pupil, a student
Chinsurah
A city in the state of West Bengal, north of Calcutta.
Ca-noongoes
District registrars who would work with "Putawaries", who were village accountants.
Mr. S. 1\1. Boulderson
A “collector” (i.e. government official managing land) for the British government, and a commissioner.
Musalmans
An archaic term for a muslim person.
Organ of Law
Likely referring to the application of a law by a governing body, i.e. a governmental enforced law or set of laws.
Daroghas
Officials in British Raj in India, they answered to district magistrates who were in charge of areas at least 100 square miles. Equitable to a police officer or a government official in relation to the British rule.
THIRDREPORTONTHESTATEOFEDUCATIONINBENGAL;INCLUDINGSOMEACCOUNT OFTHESTATEOFEDUCATIONINBEHAR,ANDACONSIDERATIONOFTHEMEANSADAPTEDTOTHEIMPROVEMENT ANDEXTENSIONOFPUBLICINSTRUCTIONINBYWILLIAMADAM."Thedispositiontomaintainandtheskilltoimproveare thetwoelements,theunionofwhichforms thegreatstatesman."BURKE."Nosystemforanypartofthemunicipaladministration"(ofIndia)"caneveranswer thatisnotdrawnfrom itsancient institutionsorassimilated withthem.1'SIR.THOMASMUNRO.PUBLISHED BYTHEORDEROFGOVERNMENT.CALCUTTA:G.H.HUTTMANN,BENGALMILITARYORPHANPRESS.1838.K--TH IR D R E P O R T ON THE STATE OF EDUCATION IN BERG.&L; INCLUD G SOME ACCOU T OF THE STATE OF EDUCATION I BEHAR, A D A CO SIDERATIO OF THE XEA S ADAPTED TO THE IMPROVEIIENT A D EXTENSION OF PUBLIC I STRUCTIO IN Bv WILLIA ADAM. "The di position to maintain and the kill to improve are tbe two elements, the union of hicb forms the great late man."-BuaK E. " o y tem for any p rt of th«: municipal admini tration" (of India) "can ever an er that i not dra n from it ancient in titution or a imilated with them."-S1a Teo a 11 ao. PUBLISHED BY THE ORDER OF GO ER MENT. CALCUTTA: G. B. HUTTMANN, BE GAL MILITARY ORPHAN PRESS. 1838.
British government officials of a wide range of positions, such as William Adam, were often sent to the British colonies to report on the status, progress, and areas of improvement of their communities. This excerpt by William Adam, The Third Report on The State of Education in Bengal; Including Some Account of The State of Education in Behar, and A Consideration of The Means Adapted to The Improvement and Extension of Public Instruction in Both Provinces, outlines and contextualizes the ideas in which the British government was approaching education in India. It establishes their commonly thought ideas surrounding the natives, their communities, and how they believe their education is lacking. It is also of importance because it shows how imperialism finds its way in to education and how the British want to perpetuate their colonial and imperialist ideologies through education and teaching the english language. With this we can see commonly held British government sentiment towards education in India.
SultanofLahej
"a Sheikdom based in Lahej in Southern Arabia. The Sultanate became self-ruled in 1728 and gained independence in 1740. In 1839, the Sultanate became Aden Protectorate of the British Empire, though nominally the 'Abdali Sultan retained his status. The Aden Protectorate was briefly ruled again by the Ottomans during World War I, but regained by the British and absorbed into Federation of South Arabia in 1963. The 'Abdali dynasty was officially abolished in 1967, with the proclamation of South Yemen."
Kayeth
Also known as "Kayastha" or "Kayasth", Kayeth is a group of Hindus originating in India. They are considered to be a part of the scribe caste "and have traditionally acted as keepers of public records and accounts, writers, and administrators of the state."
Marhatta
Also known as "The Maratha, it is a caste in India found primarily in the state of Maharashtra.
Lahore
Lahore is the second largest city of Pakistan and the capital of Punjab province.
Aden.
Aden is a city in Yemen that is on the northern coast of the Gulf of Aden.
Muham-madans
An archaic term for someone who is Muslim
heat-apoplexy
Otherwise known as a heat stroke, "a severe and often fatal illness produced by exposure to excessively high temperatures, especially when accompanied by marked exertion; characterized by headache, vertigo, confusion, hot dry skin, and a slight rise in body temperature; in severe cases, high fever, vascular collapse, and coma develop."
https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/heat+apoplexy
Thugs
Here, he would be referring to a type of criminal. To learn more about the history of the Thugs: https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2013/11/18/245953619/what-a-thugs-life-looked-like-in-nineteenth-century-india
Colaba
Colaba is a port city where modern day Mumbai is located.
Lala
Hard to find an exact definition of what a Lala is exactly, but it seems likely that it is used in the following sense: Lala (Persian: لله, Turkish: Lala) was a Turkish and Persian title (of Persian origin) meaning tutor and statesman in the Ottoman and Safavid Empire."
stalwart
"marked by outstanding strength and vigor of body, mind, or spirit"