fearing for my job

ownership of learning from the educators to the students

the visual culture both students and teachers inhabit

conceptual and application-oriented instruction are provided through brief online videos prior to the class sessio

Flip Over Research Instruction: Delivery, Assessment, and Feedback Strategies for “Flipped” Library

55.00(31.09)65.00(17.12)78.57(20.73)

Given this difference between male and female undergraduates on an economics assessment it would be interesting to more thoroughly explore library skills through the lens of gender.

Out of 34 participants only three identified as men,

minimal relationship

There were more total incorrect answers in all three confidence levels on the general test than on the library test

.

“in-course evidence of skill deficiencies in theseareas, suchas weakcitation practices, sloppy search techniques,and problems constructing research questionsand theses”

least competent students were most vulnerable to failing to properly calibrate self-views and research skills

198

69 (D)

there were fewer incorrect responses in the low confident category (M = 55.00) than in the high confident category (M = 78.57)

each participant was categorized as low, medium, and high confidence.

Fifteen participants reported that they had visited the library at least once with a class for formal library instruction.

highest levels of confidence would be found in participants with the most

First year students

authentic

wo causes of overconfidence within library research were proposed: a lack of personal interest in research methods, and anxiety surrounding the research process

the important topic of overconfidence inacademic library patrons

Given the high percentage of undergraduate students that visit the library for research instruction, there should be more examinations of the effects of overconfidence within the library environment

Rather than confront and resolve this lack, a person runs the risk of displacing their low grades upon external factors, such as difficult examinations or academically rigorous professors

studies investigating overconfidence demonstrate that low performing students are more disposed to overestimate their academic achievement than high performing students.

both groups benefited from confidence judgment training, and the need to justify answer selection on the testing instrument decreased overconfidence for low achievers.

within an academic library setting (G

very little research on overconfidence has been conducted in library and information science

(active manipulation). Hand/object manipulation may involve lifting, pulling, closing, rotating,or turning. Within the digital space, this is identified as scrolling orzooming.

In a study to determine the connection between users and found objects, researchers discovered that humans seek to create an emotional or personal experience by adding context or framework to give personal meaning to the object

Media theorist Lev Manovich believes that aesthetics and information visualization areimportant aspects of digital collections

A Comparative Study of User Experience betweenPhysical Objects and Their Digital Surrogates

insufficient staff time (67.4%) and insufficient ongoing funds outside of grants (61.9%) as major barrier

However, 51.2%do solicit locally significant materials from other state agencies or local institutions to be digitized. And while most states (57.1%) don’t engage community members in digitization activities, some engage the community in describing materials (35.7%) and transcribing materials (26.2%)

Mirroring the response from public libraries, the criteria state libraries most commonly used to determine contentto digitize are “historical significance” (97.6%), “preservation purposes” (73.8%) and “patron demand” (76.2%).

States were also asked to report if their collections include unique and locally significant materials that focus on historically underrepresented populations. The most commonly held items represented the African American/Black population (43.5%) or the American Indian/Native population (40.0%)

78.7% of state libraries reported having born-digital materials in their collections, versus 12.2% of public lib

However, of the public libraries that are digitizing, 63 (19.2%) reported not publicizing the availability of their digital collections in any way

Among libraries whose digitization activities ended more than three years ago (9.6%), the most commonly reported reason for stopping is that it was supported by “a one-time funding opportunity.

Of the 381 libraries that reported on funding sources for their digitization projects, 90.0% receive more than half of their digitization funding from a single stream (the library’s budget, federal funds, state funds, etc.) and 75.0% of libraries receive at least 90.0% of their digitization funding from a single stream.

OCLC’s CONTENTdm® software(15.8%). Other platforms reflected in the responses include Omeka (4.3%) and PastPerfect (4.8%)

all people, no matter what their position, would have to articulate and defend the values and assumptions on which their claims are made.

Neutrality is indeed a myth, and this is something that LIS professionals should acknowledge as well as embrace. This discovery means that it is both appropriate and necessary for LIS professionals to have a political position. Whether it be in collections and services or scholarly communication, it is crucial to have a position and to be able to articulate it, both for the sake of transparency and for the sake of social responsibility. Progress is possible only when one is willing to take a position that goes against the status quo and when those judging that position are similarly willing and able to stand for its merit

Armstrong advocates for changing publishers’ decisions from whether to publish papers to how to publish them, to encourage the publication of innovative findings (1

duplicity at worst;

The literature reviewed, and the arguments contained here, suggest that there is an opposition between neutrality and social justice.

hile I will not delve into the finer points of the distinction between censorship and selection

Blanke’s argument is that librarians must have clearly articulated political and philosophical ideals or positions or else they will end up supporting power and privilege without purpose or direction.

Berninghausen (1972) argued in favour of the principle of neutrality in librarianship and opposed the alternative, partisanship. He argued that interest in social and political issues would weaken the American Library Association and lead to librarians making decisions about “approved” library materials based on their own opinions concerning social and political issues

forbidding censorship

This suggests that neutrality is never completely possible. Then I introduce the LIS debate about neutrality, which presents an opposition between neutrality and social justice in library services.

Foucault, the “Facts,” and the Fiction of Neutrality: Neutrality in Librarianship and Peer Review

They found that respondents reported a limited knowledge of copyright and admitted gaps in their understanding, but that they did not want a required copyright course due to time constraints (Smi

Even media directors, who one would imagine would have a more developed knowledge of copyright law than their colleagues in other subjects, were found to demonstrate limited competency in their understanding (C

Awareness and Perception of Copyright Among Teaching Faculty at Canadian Universities

There are currently no provisions in the Documenting Ferguson Terms & Conditions describing research use ofcontributor information. There is language included that covers the use of a contributed object that permits it to be used “for educational, research, and promotional purposes outside of the Project, in perpetuity and in all media formats,” (Washington University Libraries, 2014) but nothing that explicitly addresses what information about contributors Washington University Libraries would share for educational and research purposes. As this is a collection intended for scholarly use, clear statements about usage of materials and contributor metadata are required

The current promotional flier for Documenting Ferguson features a call to action of “Don’t let these images be lost to history,” encouraging people to contribute materials for archival and preservation purposes. While an important message that certainly resonates with those working in preservation communities like libraries and archives thatappeal does not directly translate to the motivating factors present in the site. Instead, appeals and calls to action should amplify the motivations of altruism, humanitarian response, and sharing and gaining knowledge that are present through messages such as, “Share Your Photos, Share Your Story,” “Call for Assistance: Your Photos Needed,” “Contribute to the Conversation” or similar.

Participants of the usability study questioned what percentage of the contributions were from Ferguson residents, and wondered how a site meant to archive the activities of a social movement based around a community of people could have true impact iffew of those contributions were from residents.

None of the five usability study participants were aware of the Documenting Ferguson web site before beginning the study. This suggests that while the events in Ferguson have received national attention, the Documenting Ferguson site is still largely unknown outside of the library and archive community.

the questionnaire statement that received the lowest mean score (1.82) across the board was, “Participating in Documenting Ferguson is a good escape from my own troubles.” This anhedonic response differs from findings from Hertel et al. (2003), where a main motivating factor for open source software developers is “fun.”

n this task, participants were asked to locate the first image added to the archive. Successful completion of this task could be completed in 3 steps, by first clicking on “View Collection,” then “Browse by Date Added (Ascending),” and then the thumbnail for the first image in the list,http://omeka.wustl.edu/omeka/items/show/8262. However, this was another task that none (0%) were able to accomplish. Most participants clicked on “View the Collection,” and werethen unsure why they were seeing items starting from November 29, 2014. While users noted the ability to browse by date, tag or map, none took the appropriate action to complete the task

Participants were asked to determine if there were any protests at a Cardinals baseball game. Participants could have completed this task within one search for the term “cardinals,” which would have returned the image athttp://omeka.wustl.edu/omeka/items/show/8558, describing a contributor’s experience holding a protest sign at the Cardinals’ home game on Sunday, September 21, 2014. However, none (0%) of the participants were able to successfully complete this task. All used the search box on the home page to perform this task, but used different search terms, including “baseball, “ which appeared to return a number of results unrelated to the protest at the game; however, those results were tagged with the term “baseball” and did in fact discuss baseball protests. Although participants indicated that completing this task was difficult and not straightforward, and none were able to return the successful result, all were ableto locate and use the search box on multiple attempts, suggesting either an issue with the site’s search indexing or user error in information retrieval

a lack of consistency in the state of the web site and inconsistent use of the browser’s Back button. Clicking the “Contribute Media” button opens up a new browser window to add the content, which does not have a link back to the Documenting Ferguson home page, and the browser’s Back button is non-functional. Clicking the “contribute” link within the homepage text does not open a new window; instead it simply advances to the same contribution page, but within the same browser window, so the browser’s Back button functions as expected.

organization of content on the homepage. Participants indicated that the page was overly wordy andtext-heavy,lacking a clear statement of purpose and intentio

aesthetic concerns with the home page; specifically, they indicated the large amount of whitespace (shown as gray in the site design) on either side of the center content block.

participants trust that the materials in Documenting Ferguson will persist over time (mean 5.67) and will be responsibly used and cited (5.47), that no harm will come to them as a result of participating in the site (5.27), and that the organizations behind Documenting Ferguson are working in the community’s best interest (5.2). However, the site does not help participants trust others (3.4).

Comments made during thethink-aloudusability study indicate a main social barrier as being a lack of awareness of the site.

75

ProtectiveProtecting ego from negative features of the self.“Participating in documenting Ferguson helps me work through my own personal problems

people with little social capital, such as those in economically depressed communities, are challenged in building expansive social networks, and that site owners should “pursue opportunities to create technologies that better connect groups and individuals to those in authority.”

ideology associating editing Wikipedia toopen-sourcedevelopment.

negative features of the self

"other-oriented"motives (social affiliation, altruism, and reciprocity) and"self-oriented"motives (self-expression, personal development, and enjoymen

a lack of awareness of the resource, lack of trust in the sponsoring organization, avoidance in participating due to personal beliefs, and lack of intrinsic motivating factors for contributing to and participating in the archive.

gaps in functionality

practitioners in the digital library community have begun to establish participatory archives

On Dark Continents and Digital Divides:Information Inequalityand the Reproduction of Racial Otherness in Library and Information Studies

expert practitioners

“...all models are wrong; the practical question is how wrong do they have to be to not be useful”

the novice’s view of information as a flat, undifferentiated landscape served up in a browser window

In this way, influence relating to professional reputation and personal demeanor is precluded.

person

hypothesis about the emotional state of a student acquiring a threshold concept made their results too limited.

hreshold concepts may be understood as a shortcut through the theories for disciplinary faculty who do not hold advanced degrees in education (Meyer & Land, 2007)

Irreversible: once grasped, cannot be un-grasped

prominent voices in our field

IDENTIFYINGTHRESHOLDCONCEPTSFORINFORMATIONLITERACY

Until the 1920s, students at the Library School of the Carnegie Library of Atlanta were “treasured if they could muster the ability to tell Uncle Remus stories in authentic ‘darky’ dialect at storybook hour” (Carmichael, 1992, p. 177)

functioned to sanction capitalism, enforce traditional gender roles, and encourage deference to authority

In addition, “boys were to be denied fiction that led them to feel discontent with meager salaries or a soberly traditional life-style, [and] girls [were] forbidden books that encouraged them to break away from domesticity”

Though some were wary of the detrimental effects that too much feminine influ-ence on (male) children might have,

This included the creation of distinctly children’s spaces in public libraries and the pro-vision of hands-on activities, poetry readings, and celebrations

Those for whom citizenship was denied—including the colonized indigenous, “the enslaved of African descent, and...Asian immigrant labor” (Honma, 2005, p. 7)—were thus also denied incorpora-tion into the United States citizenry and access to its accompanying rights and privileges.

The white woman, when allowed into the nineteenth-century public li-brary, not only gained entry into a white male space, but she was also able to retain “claims to typically female space within genteel middle-class so-ciety”

“The emphasis upon ‘personality’ as a test for library fitness, not only in the library schools but in the profession at large, is reflected in the fact that by 1900 librarians ranked second only to government clerks as the occupation in which native white women of native parentage had attained the greatest prominence”

Indeed, an early criterion for admittance to professional library schooling included an evaluation of “personality.” Here, personality as a trait included “breeding and background” as well as “the missionary spirit, cultural strength...gentleness, and sense of literary values”

“the librarian stressed the nonrevolutionary nature of their emergence into public life, reassuring their male leadership that feminization posed no real threat to male prerogatives or traditional sex-roles”

infiltrate and soil the profession

serves as an example of the benevolent teacher, co-constituted by her race and gender, who by the end of the film effectively “saves” rough-and-tumble students of color

a redemptive narrative

but the effect is nonetheless similar

a “spinster headmistress, intelligent but thwarted in her academic pursuits by her gender and possibly her social class, whose maternal instincts and academic interests have been directed towards her ‘Native’ charges”

“independent action and [to practice] unfettered power over the lives of others”

In a discussion of Lady Bountiful’s motives, Gerard notes that most of these women were socially conservative and thus supported traditional social hierarchies.

A useful too

insistence on not

I propose that her legacy continues to influence the field

We hope that the application of the J.O.I Factor in this article serves merely as a proof of concept

Also, the spectrum lumps open access publishing options, another of our data points, in with Reader Rights as “immediate access to some, but not all, articles (including the ‘hybrid’ model” — “hybrid” meaning the business model where articles can be made open access on a one-by-one basis for a fee. We decided to add a “-” for journals that offer open access publishing for a fee, illustrating the negative connotation that might have for authors.

All details were inputted to the spreadsheet and coded for consistency.

Our journal list includes an extraordinarily broad range of journals including research focused journals and those in subfields of librarianship like archives and technical services. This decision was made so as to gather data from the broadest possible representation of LIS scholarship

The journals that we began with came from an internal list compiled as part of a professional development initiative at Florida State University Libraries. A student worker in the Assessment department compiled the original list of 74 journals, and then the co-authors of this piece expanded that list to 111 after consulting the LIS Publications Wiki.

Top LIS journals can be identified and ranked into tiers by compiling journals that are peer-reviewed and highly rated by the experts, have low acceptance rates and high circulation rates, are journals that local faculty publish in, and have strong citation ratings as indicated by an ISI impact factor and a high h-index using Google Scholar data.

academic librarians often consider open access journals as a means of sharing their research but hold the same reservations about them as many other disciplines, i.e. concerns about peer review and valuation by administration in terms of promotion and tenure

Librarian, Heal Thyself: A Scholarly Communication Analysis of LIS Journals

proposing to hireno more librarians by the head of a Canadian university library, the TED Talk ethos was further delineated:“We just want to get it done. We didn’t want to over-analyze it. We want to just pick a direction and go for it. We felt that the survival of the academic library was dependent upon our abilityto start acting upon something.... We spend a lot of our time and effort in integrating technologies throughout the library, whatever that might be”

The Director of Web & New Media Strategies at the Smithsonian Institutions recently gave the keynote at a yearly LIS symposium in Washington, D.C.(Edson 2014). He isvery charismatic, well-spoken and transparently sincere in wishing to extend the reach of GLAMS (galleries, libraries, archives, and museums), but he does so byspeaking in strikingly neoliberal terms, with the emphasis on scale:the “world has changed in scope scale and speed,” but libraries haven’t; we don’t dream big enough like astrophysicists, computer scientists (e.g.,the algorithmic growth of Moore’s Law), or the audience reach of Wikipedia or Gangnam Style videos.The results were much like a slickly-produced TED Talk, with little “room for debate or questions.... ‘[I]deas’ [are] modular, fungible and easily transmitted in convenient formats ... commodify[ing] thought, making ideas interchangeable, and adapted for consumption ... [without] the critical delineation of problems, or the formulation of better questions”

tradition of crisis

Examples were not difficult to find.

professional insecurity;

Carnegie

the art (or is it a science?) of selection remains their most important, and closely guarded, skill.

whatever that means

Many libraries display only the Dewey decimal numbers at the end of the Non-Fiction shelves. These numbers make perfect sense to cataloguers and librarians but to ordinary folk they may as well be Egyptian hieroglyphs

denied access

The vast majority

a building full of books

These are often located on the upper floor to demonstrate the higher place which reference services continue to occupy in the public library hierarchy. The Children’s Library is in the basement, of course.

democratic public space

The public library continues to be judged on the quantity of its collections.

For many non library users these gates are just one of a range of physical and perceptual barriers

hemes

it would be useful tomodifythe concourse to remove statements that did not differentiate between perspectives and to add statements that provide more granularity in terms of how values are expressed through actions

practices.

It was also part of the Innovation Focus themein a way that indicates that participants had strong perceptions of the institutional importance of usability, but placed the usability card at different ends of the distribution

eight participantsin total

For this study, the aboveliterature review was conducted to select the concourse

enaud, Steinhagen,and Moynahan

discovery of an electronic resource leans almost exclusively on metadata

The participants are selected because they provide a broad representation of viewpoints within the overall subject population

when asking about the actual outcomes of assessment activities, reallocating staff was the most common result, followed by streamlining processes and making collection development decisions.

necdotal data

Q methodology.

Examination

Examination of Cataloging Assessment Values Using the Q Sort Method

Signage

Improving Reference Service with Evidence

Added four chat hours per week, from 5:00p.m. to 6:00p.m. Monday-Thursday

number of students entering the library

the number of classes we teach (since those students tend to be heavy library users)

We were able to provide the new service during peak hours of reference desk use, from Monday-Thursday, 11:00a.m. – 5:00p.m.

a “typical week” mode of counting reference questions, in August 2013 we had switched to a locally-developed, simple means of counting every reference transaction.

.

increase the number of reference questions answered

these numbers made us question the wisdom of staff hours devoted to reference service

xperienced reference librarians pointed out that although the questions were fewer in number, they tended to be complicated and required more time to sort through the students’ needs.