For example,a flawed understanding of the risk involved could lead tothe increased home use. Clear understanding is also of keyimportance for making informed choices, in this case asa potential consumer of tDCS
This is also supper important because it increases scientific literacy for other medical products.
For instance,there were comments implying unsupported assumptions, suchasthe more current or voltage used, the betterthe results ofcognitive enhancement.
This is probably a result of overzealous advertisements and over promising.
They are quick to note that we have already given in to such temptation—we augment our breasts, smooth our wrinkles, and pump ourselves full of antidepressants
I don't like that they lump cosmetics and antidepressants as if they are equivalent or as if people should just live with depression.
I give him my recently patented‘‘travel pack’’—a hypnotic, zolpidem, tobe taken when he gets on the plane anda stimulant, modafanil, to
This is is a very concerning proposal because it assumes that the drug will only have "mind sharpening effects" for the intended purpose. How do we know that the drug concoction will make the man learn Arabic and not hyperfocus on something else?
Surprisingly, this neural activity in themotor strip starts, on average, about 350 msearlierthanthe consciousness of making a choice.
Maybe the "unconsciousness" is a result of "thinking" moving slower than action. The process of being conscious seems like it would take longer and require more energy than sending motor signals to fingers.
hese rules would have toreconcile probabilistic findings about continuous men-tal states with categorical legal decisions about guiltand punishment.
This is a very good point because how can you accurately make decisions about someone's mental state at a time when they might not have had access to a qualified mental health provider who could give a diagnoses.
e individual’s autonomy and empowerment
To me this is one of the most powerful arguments. People are entitled to have access to data and make decisions about what they want to know.
Brain checks” forasymptomatic individuals are especially ethically challenging due to the lack of a medicalindication
This brings up the issue of how even a small percentage of false positives and false negatives can have an enormously negative impact when applied to large populations.
Reasons against are the lack of disease modifying treatment
I don't know that this explanation holds the same weight as the others. We still research climate change issues despite not knowing the direct solution. While it is true that having more data is not always a solution, I think having baseline data about the types of people who are prone to Alzheimers can give insights.
The study’s result, however, is neither amazing nordoes it support any particular cause of glossolalia. Decreasedactivity in the prefrontal cortex could be due to any numberof reasons.
This speaks to the media's increasing emphasis on sensationalism rather than encouraging nuanced conversation. Not all studies will produce Earth shattering news. Progress is more often slow and methodical.
For example, a brainregion may be associated with other behaviors, neurotransmit-ters, or single cell data that in turn might shed light on the orig-inal behavior of interest.
I think looking at patterns of activation rather than specific brain regions may reveal more insights. As we know different regions perform multiple tasks and pin pointing one specific behavior is difficult.
suggest that part of the allure ofthese data are the deceptively simply messages they afford, as well as general, but sometimes misguided, confidence in biologicaldata.
The appeal likely comes from the fact that when biological data is presented as more definitive than it is. The public has a general misunderstanding of the scientific process and struggles with nuance/ disagreement among scientists.
Our findings suggest that Mr. Obama has yet to create an impression on some swing voters.While his speech resonated with the men in our study, it failed to engage the women.
This study has so many confounding variables that it is difficult to look at any of these conclusions with any certainty.
It looked as if they were battling unacknowledged impulsesto like Mrs. Clinton.
This feels like a very extreme jump in logic. How could researchers possibly conclude that conflict and impulses to like someone can be explained by activity in one part of the brain.
Consequently, this Article does not argue that brain damagein criminal defendants affects their mens rea, intent, or sanity.Studies demonstrate that individuals with prefrontal cortex/frontallobe disorder know t
Is it fait to treat people who have a physiological inability to control their behaviors as criminal or morally deficient and to criminalize them when there are people who have full control yet still choose crime. Should both punishments be the same?
Based upon neuroscientific data showing that brain-disordered individuals suffer from impulse control problems andviolent tendencies, this Article proposes that the criminal justicesystem can now more accurately predict "future dangerousness,"namely, which criminal offenders are more likely to commit criminalattacks upon the termination of their sentence.
This feels like a very tricky topic to address in this way. I think when conducting this research considerations should be made to ensure we are not crating a feedback loop where people with mental illness are criminalized further.
Naturally,manyhiringmodelsattempttocalculatethelikelihoodthateachjobcandidatewillstickaround.Evolv,Inc.,nowapartofCornerstoneOnDemand,helpedXeroxscoutoutprospectsforitscallingcenter,whichemploysmorethanfortythousandpeople
While it is invasive to predict how long people are looking to stay in a job, it supports the argument we made in class on Tuesday about non brain imaging methods to predict people's action.
hatthere’snooptiontoanswer“alloftheabove.”Prospectiveworkersmustpickoneoption,withoutaclueastohowtheprogramwillinterpretit.Andsomeoftheanalysiswilldrawunflatteringconclusions
This is quite insidious because it is asking people to point out what negative qualities they more closely align with. In this usage, they are asking people to disclose information they wouldn't have to disclose in a job interview.
SolikemanyotherBigDataprograms,theysettleforproxies.Andaswe’veseen,proxiesareboundtobeinexactandoftenunfair.
We've already talked about all of the issues associated with using proxies for measuring difficult things. It always has some level of imprecision. You could imagine neurodivergent people would have different results than neurotypical people.
Youhavedeterminedthatthe...theracefactor,black,increasesthefuturedangerousnessforvariouscomplicatedreasons.Isthatcorrect?
Historical data is undoubtedly biased for a variety of reasons including over policing, harsher juries, increased rates of convictions of POC. Using this biased data in predictive algorithms will, not only maintain biases but, magnify them.
Indeed, there are well-known examples of cases in whichregions that are activated during a task are not necessaryfor the task.
This is very similar to the issues the polygraph had where false positives would occur because someone had physiological symptoms associated with nervousness or lying for unrelated reasons. One could imagine people with bad intentions may manipulate FMRI data.
inwhichtheengagementofspecificmentalprocessesis inferred from patterns of brain activation
This is fascinating because they are implying that mind reading is possible.
But they may have a different bias/criterion.
Situations like this one are unavoidable, but they can be addressed within a community by deciding what the priorities are. If the goal is to have as many healthy people as possible, then we might encourage doctors to err on the side of yes.